Dayım masadaki börekten alınca eniştem de ayran istedi.

Yes. Turkish usually shows possession with a suffix instead of a separate word like my.

• dayı = maternal uncle

• dayım = my uncle

• enişte = brother-in-law
• eniştem = my brother-in-law

The possessive suffix changes shape depending on vowel harmony and the final sound of the noun:

• dayı + -m → dayım
• enişte + -m → eniştem

So Turkish often says:

• dayım instead of benim dayım
• eniştem instead of benim eniştem

The longer form with benim is possible, but usually unnecessary unless you want emphasis.

Masadaki means the one on the table or the one that is on the table.

It is built like this:

• masa = table
• masa-da = on the table
• masa-da-ki = the one located on the table / the one on the table

So:

• masadaki börek = the pastry on the table

The suffix -ki turns a location phrase into something adjectival, so it can describe a noun.

Compare:

• masada börek var = There is pastry on the table.
• masadaki börek = the pastry that is on the table

Because -ten here means from.

• börek = pastry / börek
• börekten = from the pastry / some of the pastry

In this sentence, börekten almak means something like:

• to take from the pastry
• more naturally in English: to take some pastry

Turkish often uses the ablative case (-den / -dan / -ten / -tan) when taking a part from a whole.

So masadaki börekten alınca suggests that he took some of the pastry on the table, not necessarily the whole pastry.

It can mean either, depending on context. In many sentences, -ınca / -ince gives a meaning like:

• when
• once
• after

Here:

• almak = to take
• al-ınca = when/after taking

So Dayım masadaki börekten alınca... means roughly:

• When my uncle took some of the pastry on the table...
• or After my uncle took some of the pastry on the table...

English often has to choose one wording, but Turkish -ınca can cover both ideas.

The subject is understood from the noun before it: dayım.

So the structure is:

• Dayım ... alınca = When my uncle took ...

In Turkish, a subordinate verb form like alınca does not need a separate pronoun if the subject is already clear from context.

So this sentence is read as:

• [My uncle] taking some pastry from the table, [my brother-in-law] also wanted ayran.
• More natural English: When my uncle took some pastry from the table, my brother-in-law also wanted ayran.

Yes, both are possible, but they are slightly different in style and structure.

• alınca = when/once/after taking
• aldığında = when he took / when he was taking

In many contexts, they are very similar. But -ınca is often a bit more direct and event-based:

• Dayım börekten alınca... = When my uncle took some...

With -dığında, the sentence feels a little more explicitly tied to the subject and can sound slightly more formal or more structured:

• Dayım masadaki börekten aldığında...

Both can work, but alınca is very natural here.

Not really. Turkish often leaves things implicit when they are obvious from context.

Here, börekten almak already implies:

• taking some of the pastry
• taking a piece from it
• serving oneself from it

So even though English might want something like take a piece, Turkish does not need to say that explicitly.

That is why masadaki börekten alınca sounds complete.

They are different things.

1. -da / -de attached to a noun

This is a case ending meaning in / on / at.

• masa-da = on the table

2. de written separately

This means also / too.

• eniştem de = my brother-in-law too / also my brother-in-law

So in the sentence:

• Dayım ... alınca eniştem de ayran istedi.
• When my uncle took some pastry, my brother-in-law also wanted ayran.

A useful spelling tip:

• locative ending: attached (masada)
• meaning also/too: separate (eniştem de)

Because ayran here is an indefinite direct object.

In Turkish:

• an indefinite direct object usually has no accusative ending
• a definite/specific direct object usually takes the accusative

So:

• ayran istedi = he wanted some ayran / ayran
• ayranı istedi = he wanted the ayran / that specific ayran

In this sentence, the meaning is general: he asked for/wanted ayran as a drink. That is why ayran appears without the accusative.

Literally, yes:

• istemek = to want
• istedi = wanted

But in context, istemek can also mean:

• to ask for
• to order
• to request

So ayran istedi could naturally mean:

• wanted ayran
• asked for ayran
• ordered ayran

All are possible depending on the situation.

Because Turkish normally places the main verb at the end of the clause.

This sentence has two parts:

1. Dayım masadaki börekten alınca
   = When my uncle took some pastry from the one on the table...

2. eniştem de ayran istedi
   = my brother-in-law also wanted ayran

The main verb of the whole sentence is istedi, and it comes last, which is very typical in Turkish.

The subordinate verb alınca also comes at the end of its own clause.

So Turkish is often described as having verb-final word order, especially in neutral sentences.

Yes, Turkish word order is flexible, but different orders change the emphasis.

The given sentence is neutral and natural:

• Dayım masadaki börekten alınca eniştem de ayran istedi.

You could also say:

• Eniştem de dayım masadaki börekten alınca ayran istedi.

That still makes sense, but it shifts the focus a bit.

In Turkish, moving words around usually does not change the core meaning as much as in English, because suffixes already show grammatical relationships. But the original version is a very normal, straightforward order.

Yes. Turkish distinguishes between types of uncle more specifically than English does.

• dayı = mother’s brother
• amca = father’s brother

So dayım is specifically my maternal uncle.

Even if the meaning is already given as uncle, this is a cultural/lexical detail learners often notice.

Exactly. Turkish often uses suffixes where English uses relative clauses.

English:

• the börek that is on the table

Turkish:

• masadaki börek

So instead of building a full clause with that is, Turkish uses -ki attached to the location phrase.

This is one of the compact things Turkish does very often:

• evdeki adam = the man in the house
• dolaptaki süt = the milk in the fridge/cupboard
• masadaki börek = the pastry on the table

Yes, very naturally.

The sentence suggests a sequence like this:

1. My uncle takes some pastry.
2. Seeing that, my brother-in-law also asks for ayran.

The de in eniştem de helps create that sense of also. It sounds like one person’s action led to a related action by the other person.

So the sentence is not just listing two unrelated events; it presents them as connected.