Om tåget är sent missar hon sin anslutning, men med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss.

This is very common in Swedish. In if/when clauses and many everyday statements about the future, Swedish often uses the present tense where English might use future wording.

So:

• Om tåget är sent = If the train is late
• missar hon sin anslutning = she misses her connection

Even though the situation is about what will happen later, Swedish usually does not need a separate future form here.

You could think of it as:

• Swedish: If X happens, Y happens
• English: If X happens, Y will happen

That is normal Swedish grammar.

Here, om means if.

In this sentence:

• Om tåget är sent = If the train is late

But om can also mean whether in other contexts:

• Jag vet inte om hon kommer. = I don’t know whether she is coming.

So om can mean:

• if
• whether

You understand which one it is from the context.

Because tåget is a neuter noun (ett tåg), and adjectives used with ett nouns often take -t in the singular.

So:

• en-word: sen
• ett-word: sent

Examples:

• Bussen är sen. = The bus is late.
  (buss is an en-word)
• Tåget är sent. = The train is late.
  (tåg is an ett-word)

So sent agrees with tåget.

Swedish often uses the reflexive possessive sin/sitt/sina when the possessor is the same as the subject of the clause.

Here:

• subject = hon
• the connection belongs to her
• so Swedish uses sin

Thus:

• hon missar sin anslutning = she misses her connection

If you said hennes anslutning, that would usually suggest someone else’s connection, or at least create contrast.

Compare:

• Hon missar sin anslutning. = She misses her own connection.
• Hon missar hennes anslutning. = She misses her connection (another woman’s).

These forms depend on the noun being possessed, not on the person.

In this sentence:

• anslutning is an en-word singular
• so we use sin

The pattern is:

• sin for en-word singular
• sitt for ett-word singular
• sina for plural

Examples:

• Hon tog sin väska. = She took her bag.
• Hon tog sitt pass. = She took her passport.
• Hon tog sina biljetter. = She took her tickets.

So sin anslutning is correct because anslutning is singular and an en-word.

Here, anslutning means a connecting service, usually a train, bus, or flight that you transfer to.

So missa sin anslutning means:

• miss one’s connection

It is a common transport/travel word.

Examples:

• Jag har tio minuter till min anslutning. = I have ten minutes until my connection.
• Vi missade vår anslutning. = We missed our connection.

Månadskortet means the monthly pass.

Swedish often uses the definite form when talking about a specific pass that is already known in the situation, even where English might simply say with a monthly pass or with her monthly pass, depending on context.

So:

• med månadskortet literally = with the monthly pass

In context, it means something like:

• with the monthly pass
• using her/the monthly pass

The definite form can sound natural because the pass is treated as something identifiable in the situation.

This is because Swedish follows the V2 rule in main clauses. That means the finite verb must come in the second position.

The sentence starts with:

• med månadskortet = first element

So the verb must come next:

• kan

Then comes the subject:

• hon

That gives:

• Med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss.

This is a very important Swedish pattern.

Compare:

• Hon kan ta nästa buss.
• Med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss.
• I morgon kan hon ta nästa buss.

In all of these, the finite verb kan stays in second position.

Kan is the present tense of kunna, which often means:

• can
• be able to
• be allowed to, depending on context

Here it means something like:

• she can take the next bus
• she is able to take the next bus

Because of the monthly pass, taking the next bus is possible/available to her.

In Swedish, nästa often works without a separate definite article in expressions like this.

So:

• nästa buss = the next bus

This is normal.

Other examples:

• nästa vecka = next week
• nästa gång = next time
• nästa tåg = the next train

You do not usually say den nästa bussen in a normal sentence like this.

Grammatically, om means if, not when.

So the sentence presents a condition:

• If the train is late, she misses her connection

If you wanted when in Swedish, you would usually use när:

• När tåget är sent, missar hon sin anslutning.

But that version sounds more like something habitual or expected:

• When the train is late, she misses her connection

So:

• om = conditional, if
• när = temporal, when

The comma is normal and helpful here because men means but and joins two main clauses:

• Om tåget är sent missar hon sin anslutning
• men med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss

In modern Swedish, commas are often used more lightly than in English, but a comma before men is very common and natural.

So yes, the comma fits well here, but the key grammar point is really that men introduces a contrast:

• she may miss the connection,
• but she still has another option.

You could make it more explicit, but Swedish often does not need to.

For example:

• Om tåget blir sent kommer hon att missa sin anslutning, men med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss.

This adds:

• blir sent = becomes/is late
• kommer att missa = will miss

That is more explicitly future-oriented, but the original sentence is perfectly natural and often more idiomatic in everyday Swedish.

So the original is simpler and very normal:

• Om tåget är sent missar hon sin anslutning, men med månadskortet kan hon ta nästa buss.

A learner may want to pay special attention to these parts:

• tåget: roughly TOH-get
• är: a short vowel, somewhat like air but not exactly
• sent: the t is pronounced
• missar: MIS-sar
• anslutning: roughly AHN-sloot-ning
• månadskortet: roughly MOH-nads-kor-tet
• nästa: NEKS-ta or NEKS-sta depending on speech style

A useful rhythm for the whole sentence is:

Om TÅGet är SENT missar hon sin anslutning, men med MÅNADSkortet kan hon ta NÄSTA buss.

The exact pronunciation varies by region, but those stress points are helpful.