A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado con la lluvia, pero no se enfadó.

Yes, they both point to the same person, and this is very common in Spanish.

This is called indirect object doubling:

• a mi hija = the full noun phrase, naming the person clearly
• le = the indirect object pronoun that repeats that idea

So:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado
  literally feels like: My daughter’s hairstyle got ruined on her

In Spanish, repeating the indirect object like this is normal and often preferred, especially when the person is explicitly mentioned.

A similar pattern is:

• A Juan le gusta el fútbol.
• A mi madre le duele la cabeza.

So a mi hija is not redundant in a bad way; it is standard Spanish.

Here, se does not mean that she did something to herself.

In this sentence, estropearse means to get ruined / to become spoiled / to get messed up. The se is part of the verb construction.

So:

• estropear = to ruin something
  
  • La lluvia estropeó el peinado. = The rain ruined the hairstyle.
• estropearse = to get ruined
  
  • El peinado se estropeó. = The hairstyle got ruined.

Then Spanish adds le to show who was affected:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado.

This often has a slight sense of something happened to someone, rather than someone actively did it.

Yes, it is very close to what learners often call the accidental se or unplanned-event se.

The structure is often:

• se + indirect object pronoun + verb

It is used when something happens and the person is presented more as the affected party than as the active doer.

For example:

• Se me cayó el vaso. = I dropped the glass / The glass fell on me.
• Se le rompió el móvil. = His/her phone broke.
• Se nos olvidaron las llaves. = We forgot the keys.

So in your sentence:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado

the idea is not that your daughter ruined her hairstyle on purpose. It suggests that the hairstyle got messed up, and she was the one affected by it.

Spanish very often uses the definite article (el, la, los, las) instead of a possessive like su when the owner is already clear.

Here, the owner is clear because of a mi hija and le.

So Spanish prefers:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado

rather than:

• A mi hija se le estropeó su peinado

Using su peinado is not impossible, but it is less natural here and can sound heavier or less idiomatic.

This is similar to other Spanish patterns:

• Me duele la cabeza. = My head hurts.
• Se lavó las manos. = He/she washed his/her hands.
• Le cortaron el pelo. = They cut his/her hair.

Not exactly.

• pelo or cabello = hair
• peinado = hairstyle / the way the hair is arranged or styled

So se le estropeó el peinado does not usually mean her hair itself was damaged. It means the style of her hair was spoiled, messed up, or ruined — for example, by rain, wind, or humidity.

That is why con la lluvia makes perfect sense here: the rain ruined the hairstyle.

Yes, por la lluvia is also possible, but the nuance is a little different.

• con la lluvia = literally with the rain; often used in Spanish to mean because of the rain / from the rain / due to the rain’s effect
• por la lluvia = more directly because of the rain

In this sentence, con la lluvia sounds very natural because it describes the circumstance that caused the hairstyle to get messed up.

So:

• se le estropeó el peinado con la lluvia
  = her hairstyle got ruined in the rain / with the rain

If you said:

• se le estropeó el peinado por la lluvia

that would also be understandable and natural, but it can sound a bit more explicitly causal.

Because the sentence refers to a completed event.

• se le estropeó = it got ruined
• no se enfadó = she didn’t get angry

The preterite is used because both things are seen as finished, specific events in the past.

If you used the imperfect, the meaning would change. For example:

• se le estropeaba would suggest something habitual or ongoing
• no se enfadaba would suggest she usually didn’t get angry

But here the sentence is about one particular situation: it rained, the hairstyle got ruined, and she did not get angry.

Because the usual verb for to get angry is enfadarse.

So:

• enfadarse = to get angry
• enfadar a alguien = to make someone angry

Examples:

• Se enfadó. = He/She got angry.
• La noticia la enfadó. = The news made her angry.

In your sentence:

• pero no se enfadó
  = but she didn’t get angry

Without se, the meaning would normally need a direct object:

• Eso no la enfadó. = That didn’t make her angry.

So se is necessary here.

The grammatical subject is el peinado.

A good way to see that is by looking at verb agreement:

• El peinado se le estropeó → singular
• Los peinados se le estropearon → plural

So even though mi hija is very important in the meaning, she is not the subject. She is the indirect object, the affected person.

Structure:

• A mi hija = indirect object
• le = indirect object pronoun
• el peinado = subject
• se estropeó = got ruined

Yes. Spanish word order is flexible.

The original sentence starts with A mi hija to highlight the person affected:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado con la lluvia...

But you could also say things like:

• Se le estropeó el peinado a mi hija con la lluvia.
• El peinado se le estropeó a mi hija con la lluvia.

These are grammatically possible, though the emphasis changes.

The original version sounds very natural if the speaker wants to focus first on my daughter.

No, that is also correct.

• La lluvia le estropeó el peinado a mi hija
  = The rain ruined my daughter’s hairstyle.

This version presents la lluvia as the clear external cause and active subject.

Your original sentence:

• A mi hija se le estropeó el peinado con la lluvia

sounds a bit less direct and a bit more like the hairstyle got ruined on her because of the rain.

So the two versions are similar, but the focus is slightly different:

• La lluvia le estropeó... = emphasizes the rain as the cause
• Se le estropeó... = emphasizes the event happening and your daughter being affected

Because the subject is understood from the context.

In:

• pero no se enfadó

the understood subject is mi hija.

Spanish often leaves out subject pronouns when the meaning is clear from the verb form or context. So you do not need to say:

• pero ella no se enfadó

unless you want extra emphasis or contrast.

For example:

• pero ella no se enfadó, sino su hermana
  = but she didn’t get angry, her sister did

In your sentence, the subject is obvious, so Spanish naturally omits ella.