La mujer me dejó su paraguas porque llovía.

In Spanish, the definite article is used more often than in English. La mujer means the woman.

If you said just mujer, it would usually sound incomplete here. Spanish normally needs an article or some other determiner before a singular countable noun:

• la mujer = the woman
• una mujer = a woman
• esa mujer = that woman

So La mujer me dejó su paraguas... is the natural way to say The woman lent me her umbrella...

Me is an indirect object pronoun, and here it means to me.

So:

• La mujer me dejó su paraguas = The woman left/lent me her umbrella

The action is being done for or to the speaker.

Compare:

• me = to me
• te = to you
• le = to him / her / you (formal)
• nos = to us

In this sentence, me tells you who received the umbrella.

Yes, dejar often means to leave, but it can also mean to let or to lend depending on context.

In this sentence, La mujer me dejó su paraguas, the meaning is clearly The woman lent me her umbrella or let me use her umbrella.

A few common meanings of dejar:

• dejar algo en un sitio = to leave something somewhere
• dejar hacer algo = to let someone do something
• dejar algo a alguien = to lend someone something / leave something to someone

So here, because there is a person receiving the object (me) and the object is su paraguas, the natural meaning is lent me her umbrella.

Dejó is the preterite, which is used for a completed action in the past.

Here, the woman’s action is seen as a single completed event:

• she lent me the umbrella

So:

• dejó = she lent / left

If you used dejaba, it would sound more like an ongoing, habitual, or background action:

• dejaba = she was lending / used to lend / would lend

In this sentence, the lending is a one-time completed event, so dejó is the natural choice.

Llovía is the imperfect, and it is used here to describe the background situation: it was raining.

Spanish often uses:

• preterite for the main completed event
• imperfect for the background, setting, or ongoing situation

So in this sentence:

• dejó = the main event: she lent me the umbrella
• llovía = the background condition: it was raining

That contrast is very common:

• Me llamó cuando cenaba. = He/She called me when I was having dinner.
• Salimos porque hacía buen tiempo. = We went out because the weather was nice.

If you said llovió, that would mean it rained, seen as a completed event, not as the ongoing background at that moment.

Porque (one word, no accent) means because.

That is what you need in this sentence:

• ...porque llovía = ...because it was raining

Compare:

• porque = because
• por qué = why

Examples:

• No salí porque llovía. = I didn’t go out because it was raining.
• ¿Por qué no saliste? = Why didn’t you go out?

So here porque introduces the reason.

Yes. Su can mean:

• his
• her
• its
• your (formal)
• their

So su paraguas could mean:

• his umbrella
• her umbrella
• your umbrella
• their umbrella

In your sentence, from the context of la mujer, the most likely meaning is her umbrella.

Spanish does not always distinguish these with different possessive forms the way English does. If you need to make it clearer, Spanish can use:

• el paraguas de ella = her umbrella
• el paraguas de él = his umbrella

Su agrees with the thing possessed, but only in number, not in the gender of the owner.

So:

• su paraguas = his/her/their umbrella
• sus paraguas = his/her/their umbrellas

Notice that su stays the same whether the owner is male or female.

Also, paraguas is an invariable noun in the singular and plural in form:

• el paraguas = the umbrella
• los paraguas = the umbrellas

So the sentence uses su paraguas because there is one umbrella.

In a normal statement with a conjugated verb, object pronouns like me usually go before the verb.

So:

• La mujer me dejó su paraguas = correct

Not:

• La mujer dejó me su paraguas = incorrect

Spanish object pronouns can go after the verb in some other structures, especially:

1. infinitives
   • va a dejarme su paraguas
2. gerunds
   • está dejándome su paraguas
3. affirmative commands
   • déjame tu paraguas

But with a simple finite verb like dejó, the pronoun goes before it.

The accent mark in dejó shows the correct stress and also helps distinguish forms.

• dejó = he/she/you-formal left / lent
• dejo = I leave

So:

• yo dejo = I leave
• ella dejó = she left / lent

The accent tells you this is the preterite third-person singular form.

The accent in llovía marks the stress pattern: llo-VÍ-a.

It is the imperfect form of llover:

• yo llovía is not used, because llover is usually impersonal
• llovía = it was raining

The accent helps show that the í is stressed separately, rather than being merged into one syllable with the following a.

Yes, usually. Llover is normally an impersonal verb, so Spanish uses it without a real subject, just like English it rains / it was raining.

Examples:

• Llueve. = It’s raining.
• Llovía. = It was raining.
• Llovió mucho ayer. = It rained a lot yesterday.

There is no actual word for it in these weather expressions in Spanish. The verb alone is enough.

Yes, absolutely. Prestar is the most straightforward verb for to lend.

So:

• La mujer me prestó su paraguas = The woman lent me her umbrella

This is often clearer for learners because prestar directly matches English lend, while dejar has several meanings.

Still, dejar is very natural in Spanish in this kind of context, especially with the sense of let someone have/use something temporarily.