Tu nombre no sale en el documento.

They are different words:

• tu = your (possessive adjective)
• tú = you (subject pronoun)

In Tu nombre no sale en el documento, tu means your, so it has no accent.

Compare:

• Tu nombre = your name
• Tú sales = you appear / you go out

Sale is the 3rd person singular present of salir.

Here, salir does not mean only to leave / to go out. In Spanish, it can also mean:

• to appear
• to show up
• to come out

So Tu nombre no sale en el documento literally feels like Your name doesn’t come out in the document, but in natural English it means Your name doesn’t appear on the document.

This is a very common use in everyday Spanish.

Because the subject of the verb is tu nombre, not you.

The sentence is about your name, and nombre is:

• singular
• third person

So the verb must also be 3rd person singular:

• Tu nombre sale
• Tu nombre no sale

If the subject were tú, then it would be sales:

• Tú sales = you go out / you appear

In standard Spanish, basic negation is formed by putting no directly before the conjugated verb.

So:

• sale = appears / shows up
• no sale = doesn’t appear / doesn’t show up

This is the normal pattern:

• No entiendo = I don’t understand
• No viene = He/She isn’t coming
• Tu nombre no sale = Your name doesn’t appear

Because Spanish usually does not use an article before a noun when it already has a possessive adjective like tu, mi, su, etc.

So you say:

• tu nombre = your name
• mi casa = my house
• su coche = his/her/your car

Not usually:

• el tu nombre ✘

The possessive already makes the noun specific.

Because en is the natural preposition here for something that appears in/on a document.

• en el documento = in/on the document

With documents, screens, lists, pages, forms, and similar things, Spanish often uses en where English may say either in or on depending on context.

Examples:

• No sale en la lista = It doesn’t appear on the list
• Sale en la pantalla = It appears on the screen
• Está en el formulario = It’s on the form

Del documento would mean of/from the document, which is a different idea.

Yes. That is completely natural.

Both are common:

• Tu nombre no sale en el documento
• Tu nombre no aparece en el documento

A useful difference in feel:

• aparecer is a bit more directly to appear
• salir is very common in everyday Spanish for things that show up, especially on documents, screens, records, search results, bills, etc.

In Spain, salir is especially frequent in this kind of context.

Yes, very commonly.

Spanish often uses salir for information that shows up somewhere:

• No sale tu dirección en el sistema = Your address doesn’t show up in the system
• Mi reserva no sale = My booking doesn’t appear
• Eso no sale en la web = That doesn’t appear on the website
• Su nombre no sale en la lista = His/Her name doesn’t appear on the list

This is one of those very useful everyday uses of salir that learners meet often.

It is the present indicative.

• infinitive: salir
• present: sale

This tense is used here for a present fact:

• Tu nombre no sale en el documento = Your name doesn’t appear on the document

It can describe a current situation, not necessarily something happening right this second.

Yes, it is irregular.

In the present tense:

• salgo
• sales
• sale
• salimos
• salís
• salen

The yo form is irregular: salgo.
The other present forms are more predictable.

So in this sentence, sale is the él/ella/usted form, matching tu nombre.

Yes, you would often use su instead of tu.

• Tu nombre no sale en el documento = informal your name
• Su nombre no sale en el documento = formal your name

In Spain, this depends on how formal you want to be with the person you are speaking to.

No, not in normal Spanish.

You need something before nombre here, such as:

• Tu nombre
• Su nombre
• El nombre

So these are natural:

• Tu nombre no sale en el documento
• El nombre no sale en el documento

But Nombre no sale... sounds incomplete in standard Spanish.

The normal order here is very natural:

• Tu nombre (subject)
• no sale (negative verb)
• en el documento (place/context)

You can move parts around for emphasis, but the original is the most neutral and common.

For example:

• En el documento no sale tu nombre

This is also correct, but it puts more focus on the document or on the contrast with some other place.

The original sentence is the best default pattern to learn first.