No uses el taladro hasta que mi vecina te dé la brocha que está en el garaje.

Because this is a negative command addressed to tú.

In Spanish, negative commands use the present subjunctive, not the normal present tense:

• Usas = you use / you are using
• No uses = don’t use

So No uses el taladro means Don’t use the drill.

For comparison:

• Usa el taladro = affirmative command to tú: Use the drill
• No uses el taladro = negative command to tú: Don’t use the drill

Yes. It is a negative imperative sentence.

Spanish commands work like this for tú:

• affirmative command: usually a special imperative form
  
  • Usa
• negative command: present subjunctive
  
  • No uses

So even though uses looks like a subjunctive form, in this sentence it is functioning as a command.

Because after hasta que, Spanish often uses the subjunctive when the action has not happened yet and is expected in the future.

Here, the giving of the brush is still pending:

• first, the neighbour gives you the brush
• then, you can use the drill

Since that action is still future/unrealised, Spanish says:

• hasta que mi vecina te dé la brocha

If it referred to something habitual or already completed in the past, Spanish could use the indicative instead.

Examples:

• No salgas hasta que llegue Ana.
  The arrival has not happened yet.

• Esperé hasta que Ana llegó / llegara
  Different past-time structures are possible depending on the nuance and style.

In your sentence, dé is exactly what you would expect.

The accent distinguishes the verb form dé from the preposition de.

• de = of / from
• dé = from the verb dar, meaning that he/she give or, here, gives in a subjunctive sense

So:

• mi vecina te dé la brocha = my neighbour gives you the brush
• de la brocha would mean something completely different

The accent is very important here.

Te means to you.

The verb dar often takes:

• a direct object: the thing being given
• an indirect object: the person receiving it

So in this sentence:

• la brocha = the thing being given
• te = the person receiving it, to you

Structure:

• mi vecina = subject
• te = indirect object, to you
• dé = gives
• la brocha = direct object

So literally it is something like:

• until my neighbour to-you gives the brush

Natural English: until my neighbour gives you the brush

Because object pronouns normally go before a conjugated verb in Spanish.

So:

• mi vecina te dé la brocha

not:

• mi vecina dé te la brocha

Spanish object pronouns are placed:

• before conjugated verbs
  
  • te dé
  • me llama
• attached to infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative commands
  
  • darte
  • dándote
  • dame

Since dé is a conjugated verb, te must come before it.

It describes la brocha, not mi vecina.

So the meaning is:

• the brush that is in the garage

The relative pronoun que introduces a clause giving more information about the noun immediately before it.

Here:

• la brocha que está en el garaje

So que = that / which and está en el garaje = is in the garage

If it described mi vecina, the sentence would normally need to be structured differently to make that clear.

Because the sentence is talking about location.

In Spanish, location is normally expressed with estar, not ser:

• La brocha está en el garaje = The brush is in the garage

Use estar for where something is physically located.

Very broadly:

• ser = identity, essential characteristics
• estar = state, condition, location

So que está en el garaje is the natural choice.

They are the definite articles the, and they must match the grammatical gender and number of the nouns:

• el taladro = the drill
• la brocha = the brush
• el garaje = the garage

Even though grammatical gender often matches biological sex for people, for objects it is just a grammatical category. You usually have to learn the noun together with its article.

So it is best to learn words like this:

• el taladro
• la brocha
• el garaje

not just the bare noun by itself.

Yes. Vecina is the feminine form.

• vecino = male neighbour, or neighbour in some general contexts
• vecina = female neighbour

Since the sentence says mi vecina, the speaker is specifically referring to a female neighbour.

Also notice that mi does not change form here:

• mi vecino
• mi vecina

Yes. It depends on whether the action is viewed as pending/future or actual/completed/habitual.

Use subjunctive when the action has not happened yet:

• No uses el taladro hasta que mi vecina te dé la brocha.

Use indicative when talking about something habitual or already realised:

• Siempre espero hasta que mi vecina me da la brocha.
  This can sound colloquial and refers to a repeated pattern.

In standard future-oriented instructions like your sentence, subjunctive is the normal choice.

Normally, no. In Spanish, places like rooms or parts of a house often keep the article:

• en el garaje
• en la cocina
• en el salón

English often says in the garage, so in this case both languages use the. But even in cases where English might drop the article, Spanish often keeps it.

So que está en el garaje is the natural standard phrasing.

Some parts can move, but the original order is the most natural and clear.

Original:

• No uses el taladro hasta que mi vecina te dé la brocha que está en el garaje.

You could move the relative clause only if you restructure carefully, but random changes may create confusion about what que está en el garaje refers to.

For example, the original clearly means:

• the brush is in the garage

If you move things around carelessly, it might momentarily sound as if the neighbour is in the garage.

So yes, Spanish has some flexibility, but this sentence is well ordered already.

Yes. Utilizar can also mean to use, so:

• No utilices el taladro

is grammatically correct.

But usar is simpler and more everyday in many contexts, so No uses el taladro sounds very natural.

The choice is more about style and vocabulary than grammar.