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Mi pasaporte está a punto de caducar, así que debo renovarlo.

Mi pasaporte está a punto de caducar, así que debo renovarlo.
My passport is about to expire, so I must renew it.
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Questions & Answers about Mi pasaporte está a punto de caducar, así que debo renovarlo.

Why does the sentence use está (from estar) and not es (from ser)?
Because estar is used for states/conditions that are seen as temporary or changeable. Being a punto de (about to) something is a temporary situation, so Spanish naturally uses estar: está a punto de caducar. Using ser here would sound wrong.
How does estar a punto de + infinitive work, and what exactly does it mean?

Estar a punto de + infinitive means to be about to + verb (something is imminent).
Structure:

  • estar (conjugated) + a punto de
    • infinitive
      Example from the sentence: está a punto de caducar = is about to expire.
Why is there a de after a punto?

It’s fixed idiomatic grammar: a punto de + infinitive. You don’t drop the de.
So you say a punto de caducar, a punto de salir, a punto de llover, etc.

What does caducar mean here, and is it the same as expirar?

Caducar is very common for documents, cards, subscriptions, etc. meaning to expire / to run out of validity.
Expirar also exists and means to expire, but it can sound more formal/technical in many contexts, and it also has the meaning to breathe out. For passports, caducar is extremely natural.

Why does it say así que and not porque?

Because the logic is different:

  • porque = because (gives the reason): Debo renovarlo porque está a punto de caducar.
  • así que = so / therefore (gives the result/consequence): Está a punto de caducar, así que debo renovarlo.
Is debo the same as tengo que? Which is more common in Spain?

They both express obligation, but with different nuance:

  • debo = I must / I should (can sound slightly more formal or moral-duty-like)
  • tengo que = I have to (very common and neutral in everyday speech in Spain)

Both work here:

  • ... así que debo renovarlo.
  • ... así que tengo que renovarlo.
What does renovarlo mean, and why is -lo attached to the verb?

renovar = to renew.
-lo is the direct object pronoun meaning it (referring to mi pasaporte, which is masculine: el pasaporte). In Spanish, pronouns can be attached to an infinitive:

  • debo renovarlo = I must renew it You can also place it before the conjugated verb:
  • lo debo renovar (less common here, but grammatical)
Why is it lo and not la?

Because pasaporte is masculine in Spanish: el pasaporte.
Direct object pronouns agree with the grammatical gender:

  • masculine singular → lo
  • feminine singular → la

So renovarlo = renew it (the passport).

What’s the difference between mi pasaporte and el pasaporte in this kind of sentence?

mi pasaporte explicitly means my passport and is very natural when you’re talking about your own document.
You could also say El pasaporte está a punto de caducar... if the context already makes it obvious whose passport it is (or you’re speaking generally), but mi removes ambiguity.

Why is there a comma before así que?

In Spanish, it’s common to use a comma to separate two clauses when the second one is introduced by a connector like así que (result/consequence). It helps show the pause and the logical link:

  • Mi pasaporte está a punto de caducar, así que debo renovarlo.