Learn Hardcore Portuguese (Portugal): O Pedro e a Maria têm um filho e uma filha; os dois estão lá fora a jogar bola. - Pedro and Maria have a son and a daughter; both are outside playing ball.

Têm is the third person plural form of the verb ter, which means to have. Since the subject is O Pedro e a Maria (Pedro and Maria), the plural form is used to indicate that both of them have something—in this case, a son and a daughter.

Why are the names preceded by the definite articles O and a (as in O Pedro and a Maria)?

In European Portuguese, it is common to use definite articles before first names in informal or familiar contexts. O Pedro and a Maria are used to refer to Pedro and Maria with a sense of personal familiarity, even though in English we typically drop the article.

What does um filho e uma filha mean, and how do the articles indicate gender?

Um filho e uma filha translates to a son and a daughter. The article um is used with the masculine noun filho (son), and uma is used with the feminine noun filha (daughter). This gender-specific article usage is typical in Portuguese.

What does the phrase os dois refer to in this sentence?

Os dois means both or the two. It refers to the two children mentioned earlier (the son and the daughter), avoiding repetition and emphasizing that the action that follows applies to them collectively.

How is the expression estão lá fora a jogar bola structured, and how does it compare to the English present continuous form?

The structure here uses a common European Portuguese way of expressing actions in progress. Estão is the plural form of estar (to be), and it is followed by a jogar (literally, to play). This construction is equivalent to the English present continuous form are playing. Bola means ball, and combined with lá fora (outside), it tells us that the two children are playing ball outside.

What does lá fora mean in this context?

Lá fora means out there or outside. It specifies the location where the action—playing ball—is taking place, painting a clearer picture of the scene.

Why is a semicolon used to separate the two parts of the sentence?

The semicolon divides the sentence into two closely related independent clauses. The first clause provides information about the family (that Pedro and Maria have a son and a daughter), while the second clause describes what the two children are doing (playing ball outside). This punctuation choice links the ideas smoothly while signaling a pause stronger than a comma but less final than a period.