Mesmo cansado, vou continuar a estudar português hoje à noite.

Here mesmo gives a concessive idea, like even, even if, or even though.

So Mesmo cansado means something like:

• Even though I am tired
• Even if I am tired

It is a compact, natural way to introduce contrast. A fuller version would be:

• Mesmo estando cansado
• Embora eu esteja cansado

But Mesmo cansado is shorter and very common.

Portuguese often leaves out words that are understood from context.

Mesmo cansado is a reduced clause. The full idea is Mesmo estando cansado or Mesmo que eu esteja cansado.

Using just the adjective cansado is very natural and efficient. Portuguese does this a lot with introductory expressions:

• Mesmo doente, ele foi trabalhar
• Ainda jovem, ela já era famosa

So the sentence is not incomplete. It is just a more concise structure.

Cansado agrees with the person who is tired, which here is the implied subject eu.

So:

• if the speaker is male: Mesmo cansado
• if the speaker is female: Mesmo cansada

If the subject were plural, it would change too:

• Mesmo cansados, vamos continuar...
• Mesmo cansadas, vamos continuar...

Portuguese often omits subject pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Vou clearly means I go / I am going, so eu is not necessary.

Both are correct:

• Vou continuar a estudar português
• Eu vou continuar a estudar português

Adding eu usually gives emphasis, contrast, or clarity. For example:

• Eu vou continuar, mas ele vai parar

So leaving out eu is completely normal.

This part has two layers:

• vou continuar = I am going to continue
• continuar a estudar = continue to study

So vou is the verb ir being used to form a near-future idea, and continuar is the main action. Then continuar is followed by a estudar.

This kind of chain is very normal in Portuguese:

• Vou começar a ler
• Vou voltar a tentar
• Vou aprender a cozinhar

So even though there are several verbs together, the structure is standard.

After continuar, Portuguese commonly uses:

• continuar a + infinitive

So continuar a estudar means to continue studying or to continue to study.

In Brazilian Portuguese, another very common option is:

• continuar + gerund
• continuar estudando

Both are correct:

• Vou continuar a estudar português
• Vou continuar estudando português

In Brazil, the gerund version often sounds a bit more conversational, especially in speech. The version with a + infinitive is also correct and natural.

Yes. That is very natural in Brazilian Portuguese.

Compare:

• vou continuar a estudar português
• vou continuar estudando português

Both are correct and mean basically the same thing. In Brazil, many speakers would probably prefer continuar estudando in everyday conversation. The version with a estudar can sound slightly more formal or more written to some people, but it is still perfectly good Brazilian Portuguese.

After verbs like estudar, falar, aprender, and ensinar, the name of a language usually appears without an article.

So the normal form is:

• estudar português
• falar inglês
• aprender espanhol

Using o is possible in some special contexts, but it sounds more specific or more analytical, as if you are talking about the language as a subject of study in a more defined sense.

For a general sentence like this one, estudar português is the standard choice.

In Portuguese, names of languages are normally written with lowercase letters.

So:

• português
• inglês
• espanhol

This is different from English, where language names are capitalized.

You would only capitalize Português if it appeared at the beginning of a sentence or in a title that follows title-style capitalization rules.

The à is a contraction of:

• a
  • a

This is called crase in Portuguese.

In time expressions, à noite means at night. So:

• hoje à noite = tonight
• à tarde = in the afternoon
• à meia-noite = at midnight

This is different from a noite without the grave accent. For example:

• A noite está bonita

There, a is just the article the, so a noite means the night.

Because they add different pieces of time information:

• hoje = today
• à noite = at night / in the evening

Together, hoje à noite means tonight.

Portuguese often builds time expressions this way. You can think of it as specifying both the day and the part of the day.

Yes, the comma is appropriate here.

Mesmo cansado is an introductory concessive expression, and Portuguese usually separates that kind of element with a comma:

• Mesmo cansado, vou continuar...
• Embora estivesse cansado, fui trabalhar

The comma helps show the pause and makes the structure clearer. In very informal writing, some people might omit it, but using the comma is the better choice.

Yes. Portuguese allows some flexibility in word order, especially with time expressions.

For example, these are all possible:

• Mesmo cansado, vou continuar a estudar português hoje à noite
• Hoje à noite, mesmo cansado, vou continuar a estudar português
• Mesmo cansado, hoje à noite vou continuar a estudar português

The original sentence sounds natural and neutral. Moving hoje à noite changes the emphasis slightly, but not the basic meaning.