A avenida onde tiramos a foto ontem fica perto da empresa nova.

Because avenida is a countable noun and in this sentence it refers to a specific avenue: the avenue.

• a avenida = the avenue
• uma avenida = an avenue

Portuguese often uses the definite article where English does too, and sometimes even where English might omit it.

Onde means where, and it is used for places or locations.

In this sentence, onde tiramos a foto ontem means where we took the photo yesterday.

So:

• A avenida onde tiramos a foto ontem = The avenue where we took the photo yesterday

Since avenida is a place, onde is the natural choice.

Usually no, not in this kind of sentence. Portuguese normally keeps the relative word.

English:

• The avenue we photographed yesterday...
• The avenue where we took the photo...

Portuguese normally needs something like:

• A avenida onde tiramos a foto ontem...

Leaving out onde would sound incomplete or unnatural here.

Tiramos is the preterite form of tirar, meaning a completed action in the past.

Here, tiramos a foto ontem means:

• we took the photo yesterday

Because ontem already tells you the action happened yesterday, the preterite is the expected tense.

With tirar, one common meaning is to take a photo:

• tirar uma foto = to take a photo

Not always. Tiramos can mean either:

• we took — preterite
• we take — present

The forms are identical. Context tells you which one it means.

In this sentence, ontem makes it clearly past:

• tiramos ... ontem = we took ... yesterday

Without context, the form alone could be ambiguous.

A foto means the photo, a specific photo that both speaker and listener can identify.

• tiramos a foto = we took the photo
• tiramos uma foto = we took a photo

Both are grammatically correct, but they do not mean exactly the same thing. The sentence with a foto suggests a particular photo already known in the conversation.

Because that is a very natural position in Portuguese.

• tiramos a foto ontem = we took the photo yesterday

Portuguese adverbs of time like ontem can move around, but this placement is common and smooth.

You could also hear:

• ontem tiramos a foto
• tiramos ontem a foto (less common in everyday speech)

The version in the sentence sounds very normal in Brazilian Portuguese.

Both can refer to location, but ficar is very common when describing where something is situated.

• A avenida fica perto da empresa nova.
  = The avenue is located near the new company.

This use of ficar often sounds natural for giving location or position.
Estar perto is also possible in some contexts, but ficar is especially common for places, buildings, streets, and landmarks.

Perto de means near or close to.

Because empresa is feminine and uses the article a, de + a contracts into da:

• perto de a empresa → perto da empresa

So:

• perto da empresa nova = near the new company

This kind of contraction is extremely common in Portuguese.

Portuguese normally contracts certain prepositions with definite articles.

Here:

• de + a = da

So:

• perto da empresa not
• perto de a empresa

Other common contractions are:

• de + o = do
• em + a = na
• em + o = no

These contractions are standard, not optional in normal usage.

In Portuguese, adjectives often come after the noun.

So:

• empresa nova = new company

That word order is very common and neutral.

Sometimes adjective position can affect nuance, but here empresa nova is the normal straightforward way to say new company.

Yes, and in practice those ideas overlap. Empresa nova generally means a company that is new, recently created, or newly established.

In many cases, English would simply say the new company.

Portuguese adjective placement can sometimes create subtle differences, but in this sentence empresa nova is the ordinary way to express that meaning.

Yes. Foto is a shortened form of fotografia.

Both are used, but foto is much more common in everyday speech.

• tirar uma foto = very common
• tirar uma fotografia = correct, but more formal or less casual

The sentence breaks down like this:

• A avenida = the avenue
• onde tiramos a foto ontem = where we took the photo yesterday
• fica perto da empresa nova = is near the new company

So the structure is:

[main noun] + [relative clause] + [main verb phrase]

More literally:

• The avenue where we took the photo yesterday is near the new company.

Not in the same role. A avenida is the subject of the sentence, so it stays A avenida.

• A avenida ... fica perto da empresa nova.

If you wanted to say on the avenue, then you would use na avenida:

• Tiramos a foto na avenida ontem.
  = We took the photo on the avenue yesterday.

Here, though, the avenue is the thing being described, so it is not introduced by em.

A close translation is:

• The avenue where we took the photo yesterday is near the new company.

A slightly more natural everyday English version could also be:

• The avenue where we took the photo yesterday is close to the new company.

The Portuguese sentence is already very natural and standard.