Questions & Answers about Po pracy wolę odpoczywać u siebie niż w biurze.
Po can mean after in time expressions, and in this use it normally takes the locative case.
So:
- praca = work
- po pracy = after work
The form pracy is the locative singular of praca here.
(It happens to look the same as some other case forms, but in this sentence it is locative because po requires it.)
In Polish, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already shows who is doing the action.
Here, wolę means I prefer, so ja is unnecessary.
- (Ja) wolę = I prefer
You could say Ja wolę... if you want extra emphasis, for example to contrast with someone else, but in a neutral sentence it is usually left out.