W domu opowiadam mamie, że na każdym zakręcie trzeba patrzeć przed siebie i spokojnie jechać.

In Polish, subject pronouns are often omitted because the verb ending already tells you the person.

opowiadam = I tell / I am telling
The ending -am shows 1st person singular, so ja is not necessary.

If you added ja, it would usually sound more emphatic:

• Ja opowiadam mamie... = I’m the one telling Mom...

So the plain sentence sounds natural without the pronoun.

w domu means at home or in the house/home.

The preposition w often means in or at, and here it is used with the locative case:

• dom → w domu

So:

• w domu = at home

This is a very common expression in Polish.

Because mamie is in the dative case, which is used for the person you tell something to.

With opowiadać komuś = to tell someone / to recount to someone, the person receiving the information goes in the dative:

• mama = nominative, the basic dictionary form
• mamę = accusative
• mamie = dative

So:

• opowiadam mamie = I tell Mom
• literally: I am telling to Mom

Yes, that is a good question. opowiadać often does mean to tell/recount/narrate, especially when describing something in some detail.

In this sentence, opowiadam mamie, że... sounds like:

• I tell Mom that...
• or more naturally, I explain to Mom that...

A learner might expect mówię mamie, że..., which is also very natural and often more neutral:

• mówię mamie, że... = I tell Mom that...

So opowiadam adds a slight sense of recounting or describing, not just saying one short fact.

że means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

So:

• opowiadam mamie, że... = I tell Mom that...

Everything after że is the content of what is being told:

• na każdym zakręcie trzeba patrzeć przed siebie i spokojnie jechać

This works very much like English that, although Polish uses że very frequently where English sometimes omits that.

It is the locative case after the preposition na.

Here, na means something like on / at / at the point of. With places or situations, na often takes the locative.

• zakręt = bend, turn
• na zakręcie = on/at the bend
• na każdym zakręcie = on/at every bend

The adjective also changes to match the noun:

• każdy zakręt → na każdym zakręcie

So both words are in the locative:

• każdym
• zakręcie

Because każdym has to agree with zakręcie in:

• gender
• number
• case

zakręt is masculine singular, and after na here it is in the locative singular:

• zakręt → zakręcie

So the adjective każdy also becomes locative singular masculine/neuter:

• każdy → każdym

That is why we get:

• na każdym zakręcie

trzeba means something like:

• one must
• it is necessary
• you have to

It is an impersonal word, so it does not need a normal subject like ja, ty, or on.

So:

• trzeba patrzeć = you have to look / one must look
• trzeba jechać = you have to drive/go

This is very common in Polish for giving general advice, rules, or obligations.

Because trzeba is normally followed by an infinitive.

Pattern:

• trzeba + infinitive

Examples:

• trzeba pracować = you have to work
• trzeba uważać = you have to be careful
• trzeba patrzeć = you have to look
• trzeba jechać = you have to drive/go

So in your sentence:

• trzeba patrzeć przed siebie i spokojnie jechać = you have to look ahead and drive calmly

Because patrzeć means to look in an ongoing, continuous sense.

Here the idea is not:

• take one quick look but rather
• keep looking ahead
• maintain your attention forward

Compare:

• patrzeć = to look, to watch, to keep looking
• spojrzeć = to glance, to take a look once
• zobaczyć = to see, to catch sight of

So patrzeć przed siebie fits the meaning of continuous attention while driving.

przed siebie is a fixed expression meaning:

• ahead
• straight ahead
• forward

It is especially common with verbs of looking or moving:

• patrzeć przed siebie = to look ahead
• iść przed siebie = to go straight ahead / keep going forward

przed sobą is different. It usually means in front of oneself:

• Widzę drogę przed sobą = I see the road in front of me

So:

• patrzeć przed siebie = focus your gaze ahead
• patrzeć przed sobą would sound less idiomatic here

Because spokojnie is an adverb, and it modifies the verb jechać.

• spokojny / spokojna / spokojne = adjective, describing a noun
• spokojnie = adverb, describing how an action is done

Here it describes how you should drive:

• jechać spokojnie = to drive calmly

So Polish needs the adverb, just like English uses calmly, not calm.

jechać is used for movement by some means of transport, for example:

• by car
• by bus
• by bike
• by train

Depending on context, it can mean:

• go
• ride
• travel
• drive

In this sentence, because of na każdym zakręcie and patrzeć przed siebie, the most natural interpretation is drive.

Compare:

• iść = to go on foot
• jechać = to go by vehicle / to drive / ride
• jeździć = to go/drive/ride habitually or repeatedly

So jechać here fits a single ongoing act of moving through turns.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more natural than others.

The given sentence is natural:

• W domu opowiadam mamie, że na każdym zakręcie trzeba patrzeć przed siebie i spokojnie jechać.

But you could move parts around for emphasis:

• Opowiadam mamie w domu, że...
• Na każdym zakręcie trzeba patrzeć przed siebie i jechać spokojnie.

The basic relationships are shown mostly by endings, not only by word order. Still, the original version sounds smooth and neutral:

• W domu sets the scene first
• opowiadam mamie gives the main action
• że... introduces what is being said

So yes, some movement is possible, but the original sentence is a very natural arrangement.