Dziś rano idę do urzędu z mamą.

Both verbs relate to going on foot, but they are used differently.

• iść / idę = going in one specific direction, usually right now or as a single trip
• chodzić / chodzę = going habitually, repeatedly, or in various directions

So in Dziś rano idę do urzędu z mamą, the speaker means a specific trip: This morning I’m going to the office with my mom.

Compare:

• Idę do sklepu. = I’m going to the store.
• Chodzę do sklepu codziennie. = I go to the store every day.

In Polish, the present tense of a verb of motion often expresses a planned near-future action, especially with time words like dziś rano.

So idę literally means I am going, but in context it can naturally mean:

• I’m going this morning
• I’m going to go this morning

This is very normal in Polish, just like English sometimes says I’m meeting her tomorrow instead of I will meet her tomorrow.

Polish usually drops subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb ending.

• idę already means I go / I am going
• so ja is not necessary

You can say Ja idę do urzędu z mamą, but that adds emphasis, like:

• I’m the one going
• As for me, I’m going

In a neutral sentence, Polish normally leaves ja out.

They do slightly different jobs:

• dziś = today
• rano = in the morning / this morning

Together, dziś rano means this morning / today in the morning.

Polish often combines time expressions this way for clarity:

• dziś wieczorem = this evening
• jutro rano = tomorrow morning
• wczoraj rano = yesterday morning

Yes. Dziś and dzisiaj both mean today.

• dziś rano
• dzisiaj rano

Both are correct. Dziś is a bit shorter and often feels slightly more concise or natural in many everyday sentences, but there is no important meaning difference here.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

The basic noun is:

• urząd = office / government office / administrative office

After do, it changes to the genitive form:

• do urzędu = to the office

So:

• nominative: urząd
• genitive: urzędu

This is a very common pattern in Polish:

• do domu = to the house/home
• do sklepu = to the shop
• do urzędu = to the office

Not usually. Urząd most often means an official office, especially a government, municipal, or administrative office.

Examples:

• urząd miasta = city office / city hall
• urząd skarbowy = tax office
• urząd pocztowy = post office

So do urzędu usually suggests going to deal with some official matter, not just going to a regular workplace office.

For a general office where people work, Polish often uses biuro.

Because the preposition z meaning with requires the instrumental case.

The basic noun is:

• mama = mom

In the instrumental singular, it becomes:

• mamą

So:

• z mamą = with mom

This is a standard pattern for many feminine nouns ending in -a:

• kobieta → z kobietą
• siostra → z siostrą
• mama → z mamą

No. Z can mean different things depending on context.

Common meanings include:

• with → z mamą = with mom
• from / out of → z domu = from the house/home
• sometimes off / down from in certain contexts

In this sentence, because it is followed by a person in the instrumental case, it clearly means with.

Also, you may sometimes see ze instead of z, used for easier pronunciation:

• z mamą
• ze szkoły

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English because endings show grammatical roles.

The neutral order here is:

• Dziś rano idę do urzędu z mamą.

But you could also hear:

• Idę dziś rano do urzędu z mamą.
• Z mamą idę dziś rano do urzędu.
• Do urzędu idę dziś rano z mamą.

These versions all mean roughly the same thing, but the emphasis changes:

• putting dziś rano earlier emphasizes time
• putting z mamą earlier emphasizes who you are going with
• putting do urzędu earlier emphasizes destination

Because rano often works on its own as an adverb meaning in the morning / this morning / early in the day.

So Polish naturally says:

• dziś rano
• jutro rano
• wczoraj rano

You can also use phrases with prepositions in other situations, such as:

• rano = in the morning
• o poranku = at dawn / in the early morning

But in everyday speech, dziś rano without a preposition is completely normal.

In this sentence, z mamą is the normal and natural way. But there are a few related possibilities depending on style and meaning.

For example:

• z mamą = with mom
• z moją mamą = with my mom

Polish often leaves out possessives like my when the relationship is obvious, especially with family members. So z mamą already naturally suggests with my mom unless context says otherwise.

You have to recognize the case endings and work backward to the base form.

Here:

• urzędu → dictionary form urząd
• mamą → dictionary form mama

This is something Polish learners gradually get used to. A good habit is to learn nouns together with common case patterns:

• urząd, do urzędu
• mama, z mamą

That makes it much easier to understand real sentences.

Strictly speaking, yes: iść is the verb for going on foot.

So the sentence most literally suggests that the speaker is walking to the office with their mom.

However, in some casual contexts learners may hear motion verbs used a bit loosely, but standard Polish keeps this distinction:

• idę = I’m going on foot
• jadę = I’m going by vehicle

So if the speaker were going by car, bus, or train, Polish would normally use jadę, not idę.