kangosisan ha taionkei wo watasite, mou itido taion wo hakatte kudasai to iimasita.

さん is added here as a polite, respectful suffix for the nurse.

In Japanese, job titles can appear by themselves, but adding さん often sounds warmer and more natural when referring to a person directly or politely. So:

• 看護師 = nurse
• 看護師さん = the nurse / nurse (politely)

In everyday situations, medical staff, shop staff, neighbors, and so on are often referred to with さん.

は marks 看護師さん as the topic of the sentence.

It tells you that the sentence is about the nurse. After that, the sentence explains what the nurse did.

So the basic frame is:

• 看護師さん は ... 言いました
• As for the nurse, ... said ...

Even though は is often introduced as topic marker, in sentences like this it often feels close to the subject in English.

Because 体温計 is the direct object of 渡して.

The verb 渡す means to hand over / to pass / to give. The thing being handed is marked with を.

So:

• 体温計を渡して = handed over the thermometer and...

A learner might expect a person marker like に as well, and that is possible in a fuller sentence:

• 私に体温計を渡して = handed the thermometer to me

But Japanese often leaves out the receiver when it is obvious from context.

The て-form connects actions.

Here, 渡して links the first action to the next part of the sentence:

• the nurse handed over the thermometer
• and then said something

So the sentence flows like:

• 体温計を渡して、...と言いました
• handed over the thermometer, and said...

This use of the て-form often shows a sequence of actions, especially when the same person does both actions.

もう一度 means once more / one more time / again.

It tells you that the temperature should be taken another time.

Breakdown:

• もう = more / again
• 一度 = one time / once

Together:

• もう一度体温を測ってください = please take your temperature one more time

They are different words:

• 体温計 = thermometer
• 体温 = body temperature

So the sentence first mentions the tool:

• 体温計を渡して = handed over the thermometer

Then it mentions what should be measured:

• 体温を測ってください = please measure your temperature

This is very natural in Japanese: one noun is the instrument, and the other is the thing being measured.

Japanese uses the verb 測る for measuring things such as temperature, length, weight, and so on.

So:

• 体温を測る = to measure body temperature

Even though English often says take your temperature, Japanese normally phrases it as measure body temperature.

This is a good example of why word-for-word translation does not always match natural usage.

〜てください is a common polite way to ask someone to do something.

So:

• 測ってください = please measure it / please take it

More literally:

• 測って = measure
• ください = please do so

In this sentence, it is the nurse’s instruction or request.

This is how Japanese marks quoted speech or quoted content.

• と marks the quotation
• 言いました means said

So:

• 測ってください と 言いました
• said, Please measure your temperature again

You can think of と as the marker that attaches the quoted words to 言う.

This can be used for:

• direct quotes
• indirect-style quotes
• short thoughts and expressions

It is structurally presented like a quote, but Japanese often does not sharply distinguish direct and indirect quotation the same way English does.

In English, we might clearly choose between:

• The nurse said, Please take your temperature again.
• The nurse said to take my temperature again.

Japanese often just uses the quoted form with と言いました:

• もう一度体温を測ってください と言いました

So it feels very close to direct quotation, even if no quotation marks are written.

The person being spoken to is omitted because it is understood from context.

Japanese often leaves out pronouns and other obvious information. Here, 測ってください means the nurse is telling someone nearby to do it, probably the patient.

So although the sentence does not explicitly say:

• あなたは
• 私が
• 患者さんが

the listener can understand who the instruction is for from the situation.

Yes. The sentence does not explicitly say who received the thermometer.

A fuller version could be something like:

• 看護師さんは私に体温計を渡して...
• The nurse handed me the thermometer and...

But Japanese often omits things that are already clear. In context, it is probably the patient or speaker who received it.

Japanese is a verb-final language, so the main verb of the whole sentence usually comes at the end.

The sentence first gives the setup:

• topic: 看護師さんは
• action 1: 体温計を渡して
• quoted content: もう一度体温を測ってください

Then the main action finishes the sentence:

• と言いました = said

So the final verb tells you what the entire sentence is doing: reporting what the nurse said.