Questo fatto dimostra la differenza e motiva la nostra posizione.

Because fatto is a masculine singular noun, and questo must agree with it in gender and number.

• questo = masculine singular
• questa = feminine singular

So:

• questo fatto = correct
• questa fatto = incorrect

The noun fatto means fact here.

Here fatto means fact.

So questo fatto means this fact.

Italian fatto can have different meanings depending on context, such as:

• fact
• event
• deed
• something that happened

In this sentence, fact is the natural meaning.

Both dimostra and motiva are in the present indicative, third person singular.

That is because the subject is questo fatto, which is singular.

• questo fatto dimostra = this fact proves
• questo fatto motiva = this fact motivates / supports / justifies

The infinitives are:

• dimostrare = to demonstrate, to prove
• motivare = to motivate, to justify, to give reasons for

Because the same subject, questo fatto, applies to both verbs.

So:

• Questo fatto dimostra la differenza e motiva la nostra posizione.

means:

• This fact proves the difference and motivates/supports our position.

Italian, like English, does not need to repeat the subject when the same subject continues with another verb joined by e.

You could repeat it for emphasis, but normally you would not:

• Questo fatto dimostra la differenza e questo fatto motiva la nostra posizione.

This is grammatical, but sounds unnecessarily repetitive.

Because la differenza is the direct object and refers to the difference as a definite idea.

Italian often uses the definite article where English also uses it, and sometimes even where English might leave it out.

Here:

• dimostrare la differenza = to show/prove the difference

It sounds natural with the article because the sentence is talking about a specific difference, even if it is understood from context rather than stated explicitly.

In Italian, possessive adjectives usually go together with the definite article.

So:

• la nostra posizione = our position
• il mio libro = my book
• la tua idea = your idea

This is different from English, which usually does not use an article before possessives.

A common exception is with some singular family members:

• mia madre
• tuo fratello

But that exception does not apply here, so la nostra posizione is correct.

It agrees grammatically with posizione, not with the people who possess it.

• posizione is feminine singular
• so the possessive must also be feminine singular: nostra

That is why you get:

• la nostra posizione

If the noun were masculine singular, it would be:

• il nostro punto di vista

If it were feminine plural:

• le nostre idee

Not necessarily in the emotional sense of English motivates.

In a sentence like this, motivare often means:

• to justify
• to support
• to provide reasons for
• to explain the basis of

So motiva la nostra posizione can mean something like:

• supports our position
• justifies our position
• provides the reasoning for our position

A very literal translation, motivates our position, is possible, but in English it may sound slightly less natural depending on context.

It can mean both.

Posizione can refer to:

• a physical position or location
• a role or status
• a viewpoint, stance, or position in an argument

In this sentence, it clearly means stance or position in the sense of an opinion or argument.

So la nostra posizione is probably:

• our stance
• our position
• our viewpoint

Yes, Italian word order is fairly flexible, although the original sentence is the most neutral and natural.

Original:

• Questo fatto dimostra la differenza e motiva la nostra posizione.

You could change the order for emphasis, for example:

• Questo fatto motiva la nostra posizione e dimostra la differenza.

This is still grammatical, but it slightly changes what feels more prominent.

You could also front an object in special contexts, but that would usually add emphasis or sound more literary.

So the given order is the straightforward, standard one.

Yes, if the context already makes it clear what this refers to.

• Questo dimostra la differenza... = This proves the difference...

Using questo fatto is a little more explicit and formal because it names the thing as a fact rather than just pointing to it.

So:

• Questo... = more compact
• Questo fatto... = more explicit, often slightly more formal or argumentative

Because e is the normal form of and in Italian.

• e = and

The form ed may be used before a word beginning with e to avoid awkward repetition of the sound, for example:

• pane ed acqua

But in modern Italian, even that is often optional and less common than learners sometimes expect.

Here the next word is motiva, which begins with m, so plain e is correct:

• la differenza e motiva

Yes. Both verbs are being used transitively, meaning they take direct objects.

• dimostra la differenza
  • direct object: la differenza
• motiva la nostra posizione
  • direct object: la nostra posizione

There is no preposition before those nouns because they are direct objects.

That is why you do not say:

• dimostra alla differenza
• motiva alla nostra posizione

Those would be wrong in this sentence.