Se sbaglio durante l’interrogazione, non è colpa tua.

Not in the police-drama sense.

In a school context, interrogazione usually means an oral test, oral exam, or a moment when the teacher questions a student aloud. So in this sentence it refers to a school situation, not a criminal investigation.

Sbaglio is the 1st person singular present indicative of sbagliare.

So:

• io sbaglio = I make a mistake / I get it wrong

In this sentence, it means if I make a mistake or if I get something wrong.

Italian often leaves out subject pronouns when they are already clear from the verb ending.

Because sbaglio already means I make a mistake, adding io is usually unnecessary.

So:

• Se sbaglio... = normal, natural
• Se io sbaglio... = possible, but more emphatic

You would include io only if you want contrast or emphasis.

Because Italian commonly uses the present indicative after se for a real or possible condition.

Here the structure is:

• Se sbaglio... = If I make a mistake...
• non è colpa tua = it’s not your fault

This is a normal, natural way to express a real possibility or a general truth. Italian does not need a future or a special conditional form here.

Both verbs exist, but they are slightly different.

• sbagliare = to make a mistake, to get something wrong
• sbagliarsi = to be mistaken

In this sentence, sbaglio is the most natural choice because it focuses on making a mistake during the oral exam.

Compare:

• Se sbaglio durante l’interrogazione... = If I make a mistake during the oral exam...
• Se mi sbaglio... = If I’m mistaken...

The second one is possible in some contexts, but here sbaglio fits better.

Because Italian often shortens la before a vowel.

So:

• la interrogazione becomes l’interrogazione

This is called elision. It is very common with articles before words that begin with a vowel.

Durante means during.

So:

• durante l’interrogazione = during the oral exam

It works as a preposition followed by a noun phrase, just like English during.

Because essere colpa di qualcuno or essere colpa mia/tua/sua is a very common Italian pattern.

So:

• È colpa tua = It’s your fault
• Non è colpa tua = It’s not your fault

You may sometimes see non è tua colpa, and it can be understood, but non è colpa tua is the more standard and idiomatic way to say it.

Because tua agrees with colpa, and colpa is a feminine singular noun.

So:

• colpa = feminine singular
• tua = feminine singular possessive

If the noun were masculine singular, you would use tuo instead.

That is a very good question. In many cases, Italian does use an article with a possessive:

• la mia casa
• il tuo libro

But colpa mia / colpa tua / colpa sua is a very common fixed expression, and it normally appears without the article after essere.

So:

• È colpa mia
• Non è colpa tua

This is something best learned as a set phrase.

Because è with an accent is the verb essere in the 3rd person singular present:

• è = is

Without the accent, e means and.

So:

• non è colpa tua = it is not your fault
• non e colpa tua = incorrect spelling

Yes. Italian allows some flexibility.

For example, you could also say:

• Non è colpa tua se sbaglio durante l’interrogazione.

That version is also natural and means the same thing. The difference is mostly one of focus:

• Se sbaglio durante l’interrogazione, non è colpa tua. starts with the condition
• Non è colpa tua se sbaglio durante l’interrogazione. starts with the main point: it’s not your fault

Both are correct.