Se il parmigiano è troppo saporito, aggiungo più spinaci e meno sale.

Se means if. It introduces a condition:

• Se il parmigiano è troppo saporito = If the parmesan is too strong/flavorful

This sentence uses a very common real-condition pattern in Italian:

• se
  • present tense
• present tense in the main clause

So:

• Se ... è ... , aggiungo ...
• If ... is ... , I add ...

This is normal when talking about something real, habitual, or likely.

Italian often uses the definite article with ingredients and food items more than English does.

So il parmigiano here means something like:

• the parmesan
• or more naturally in English, just parmesan

Italian likes articles in many cases where English leaves them out. In recipe-style or food-related language, this is very common.

È with an accent means is.

It is the third-person singular of essere:

• è = is

The accent is important because e without an accent means and.

So:

• è = is
• e = and

That little accent changes the meaning completely.

Not exactly.

• Saporito means tasty, flavorful, strongly flavored, savory
• Salato means salty

In this sentence, troppo saporito suggests the parmesan has too strong a flavor, not necessarily only too much salt. Since parmesan is a very flavorful cheese, saporito fits well.

So:

• troppo saporito = too strong in flavor / too flavorful
• troppo salato = too salty

They can overlap, but they are not the same word.

Aggiungo is the first-person singular present tense of aggiungere:

• io aggiungo = I add

The io is not written because Italian often drops subject pronouns when they are clear from the verb ending.

So:

• aggiungo already tells you I add

This sentence sounds like someone describing what they normally do:

• If the parmesan is too strong, I add more spinach and less salt.

Yes, you could say io aggiungo, but it is usually unnecessary.

Italian often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the subject:

• aggiungo = I add

You would include io only for emphasis, contrast, or clarity:

• Io aggiungo più spinaci, tu invece più panna.
• I add more spinach, but you add more cream.

Without special emphasis, aggiungo is the most natural choice.

Because più and meno can act as quantity words meaning more and less.

Here they modify the nouns directly:

• più spinaci = more spinach
• meno sale = less salt

This is very common in Italian. You do not need an extra word like of.

Compare:

• più acqua = more water
• meno zucchero = less sugar
• più pomodori = more tomatoes

Also notice that più has an accent.

Because the two nouns work differently.

• Spinaci is normally a plural count noun in Italian when talking about the vegetable: spinach leaves / spinach
• Sale is usually an uncountable noun, like salt in English, so it stays singular

So:

• più spinaci = more spinach
• meno sale = less salt

This is similar to English, where salt is also usually uncountable.

The comma separates the conditional clause from the main clause:

• Se il parmigiano è troppo saporito, aggiungo più spinaci e meno sale.

This is very common when the if clause comes first.

English does the same thing:

• If the parmesan is too strong, I add more spinach and less salt.

If the main clause came first, the comma would often be omitted:

• Aggiungo più spinaci e meno sale se il parmigiano è troppo saporito.

Not always.

• Parmigiano Reggiano is the full official name of the protected cheese
• parmigiano in everyday language can mean parmesan more generally

In casual use, many people say parmigiano to mean parmesan cheese. In strict labeling or formal contexts, Parmigiano Reggiano is more specific.

So in this sentence, il parmigiano is just the normal everyday way to refer to parmesan.

Yes, but the meaning would shift.

The present tense here sounds like a habitual or practical statement:

• Se il parmigiano è troppo saporito, aggiungo più spinaci e meno sale.
• If the parmesan is too strong, I add more spinach and less salt.

If you used the conditional, it would sound more hypothetical:

• Se il parmigiano fosse troppo saporito, aggiungerei più spinaci e meno sale.
• If the parmesan were too strong, I would add more spinach and less salt.

So the original sentence is the normal choice for a real, everyday cooking decision.

Yes. Italian word order is fairly flexible, though the original version is very natural.

For example, you could also say:

• Aggiungo più spinaci e meno sale se il parmigiano è troppo saporito.

This means the same thing. The difference is mainly in emphasis:

• starting with Se... puts the condition first
• starting with Aggiungo... puts the action first

In neutral speech, both are fine, but the original sentence is especially natural when giving an explanation or cooking tip.