Breakdown of Kami berbicara di kelas tentang keadilan dan perlindungan hak semua orang untuk didengar dengan hormat.
Questions & Answers about Kami berbicara di kelas tentang keadilan dan perlindungan hak semua orang untuk didengar dengan hormat.
Both kami and kita mean “we / us”, but they differ in whether they include the listener.
- kami = we (excluding the person you’re talking to)
- kita = we (/including the person you’re talking to)
So in this sentence:
Kami berbicara di kelas…
it implies:
- “We (some group of people that does not include you, the listener) talked in class…”
If the speaker wanted to include the listener (for example, talking to a classmate who was there), they would say:
Kita berbicara di kelas tentang keadilan…
We (you and I / all of us) talked in class about justice…
Both are correct, but there is a nuance:
- di kelas = in class / in the classroom (very common, neutral)
- di dalam kelas = literally “inside the classroom”; it emphasizes the physical “inside” aspect a bit more
In everyday speech:
- Kami berbicara di kelas…
sounds perfectly natural and is what people would usually say.
You would use di dalam kelas if you want to contrast inside vs outside:
- Di dalam kelas mereka belajar, di luar kelas mereka bermain.
Inside the classroom they study, outside the classroom they play.
tentang means “about / regarding” and introduces the topic of discussion:
berbicara … tentang keadilan dan perlindungan hak…
talked … about justice and the protection of rights…
You can often replace tentang with:
- mengenai (more formal / neutral)
- soal (more informal / conversational, literally “about the matter of”)
So you could also say:
- Kami berbicara di kelas mengenai keadilan… (quite natural, slightly more formal)
- Kami berbicara di kelas soal keadilan… (more casual)
All three are understandable; tentang is a very safe default.
They are related but not interchangeable:
- adil = just / fair (adjective)
- Dia sangat adil. – He/She is very fair.
- keadilan = justice / fairness (noun)
- Keadilan itu penting. – Justice is important.
In the sentence:
… tentang keadilan dan perlindungan hak…
we need a noun (“about justice”), so keadilan is correct.
Saying tentang adil would sound wrong, like “about fair” instead of “about fairness/justice”.
perlindungan means “protection”.
It comes from the verb melindungi (to protect):
- lindung (root) → melindungi (to protect) → perlindungan (protection)
The pattern is:
- meN- + root + -i → verb (action)
- per- + root + -an → noun (the abstract concept / result)
Other examples:
- melindungi → perlindungan (to protect → protection)
- mengawasi → pengawasan (to supervise → supervision)
So perlindungan hak = protection of (people’s) rights.
perlindungan hak semua orang literally follows this structure:
- perlindungan = protection
- hak = (the) rights
- semua orang = all people / everyone
The order is:
[Noun 1] [Noun 2] [Modifier]
= perlindungan (N1) hak (N2) semua orang (modifier)
This is like saying in English: “protection of everyone’s rights”.
Compare these:
- perlindungan hak semua orang
protection of everyone’s rights - semua hak orang
all of a person’s rights (less natural here, and “orang” sounds like one person) - perlindungan semua hak orang
protection of all of a person’s rights (grammatically OK but doesn’t match the idea “everyone”)
So perlindungan hak semua orang is the natural way to express “the protection of everyone’s right(s)”.
Indonesian usually doesn’t mark singular vs plural on nouns unless it’s really needed for clarity.
- hak can mean “right” or “rights”, depending on context.
- hak-hak is a plural form, but is used only when you really want to emphasize multiple distinct rights.
In perlindungan hak semua orang, English would normally translate this as:
- the protection of everyone’s rights
You could also say:
- perlindungan hak-hak semua orang
to stress the plurality, but in many contexts hak alone is more natural and less heavy.
The key point is who is doing the hearing.
- mendengar = to hear (active: the subject does the hearing)
- didengar = to be heard (passive: the subject is the one being heard/listened to)
In hak semua orang untuk didengar, the idea is:
- Everyone has the right to be heard (others should listen to them)
So we use the passive:
- untuk didengar = to be heard
Compare:
- hak untuk mendengar = the right to hear (others) – different meaning
- hak untuk didengar = the right to be heard (by others) – what we want here
That’s why didengar (passive) is correct in this sentence.
You can see structures like hak untuk… and hak … untuk… used quite rigidly, and untuk is very natural here.
- hak semua orang untuk didengar
literally: everyone’s right to be heard
If you say:
- hak semua orang didengar
it sounds incomplete or a bit awkward, like “everyone’s right is heard” rather than “the right to be heard”.
More natural options (still keeping the meaning):
- hak semua orang untuk didengarkan
- hak semua orang agar didengar (now using agar instead of untuk, but that slightly shifts the structure)
For a clean, textbook-like expression of rights, hak … untuk + verb is a very common and safe pattern:
- hak anak untuk belajar – children’s right to study
- hak pekerja untuk mendapat upah layak – workers’ right to receive a decent wage
dengan hormat literally means “with respect”, so it corresponds closely to “respectfully / with respect”.
In this sentence:
… hak semua orang untuk didengar dengan hormat.
the idea is:
- everyone has the right to be listened to in a respectful way.
Comparisons:
- dengan hormat – with respect (emphasizes respect and dignity)
- dengan sopan – politely (focuses more on politeness / good manners)
- secara hormat – also possible, more formal/abstract, same base meaning as dengan hormat, but dengan hormat is more common in everyday style here.
You could say didengar dengan sopan, but that subtly shifts the nuance from respect for the person to politeness of behavior. For rights and dignity, dengan hormat is the more typical choice.
untuk, supaya, and agar can all connect clauses, but they work a bit differently:
- untuk + verb
= to / in order to [do something] (more neutral, often used with hak untuk…) - supaya / agar + clause
= so that / in order that [something happens]
In this sentence:
- hak semua orang untuk didengar
literally: everyone’s right to be heard
If you use supaya or agar, you usually need a full clause:
- Kami berbicara di kelas agar semua orang bisa didengar dengan hormat.
We talked in class so that everyone could be heard respectfully.
So:
- For expressing a right to do/be something, hak … untuk + verb is the normal pattern.
- supaya / agar are more for purpose/result clauses in a sentence, not for naming a right.
Both can be translated as “everyone / every person”, but there’s a small nuance:
- semua orang = all people, everyone (viewed more as a group)
- setiap orang = each person, every person (emphasis on individuals one by one)
In this sentence:
- hak semua orang untuk didengar dengan hormat
= everyone’s right to be heard respectfully
You could also say:
- hak setiap orang untuk didengar dengan hormat
which slightly emphasizes that each individual (not just the group) has that right.
Both are grammatically correct and natural; the difference is just the subtle shift between “all people” vs “each person”.