Breakdown of Í mars vill hún ekki bara lesa meira, heldur líka hitta vini oftar, og í apríl byrjar hún að hjóla aftur.
Questions & Answers about Í mars vill hún ekki bara lesa meira, heldur líka hitta vini oftar, og í apríl byrjar hún að hjóla aftur.
Why does the sentence start with Í mars and later í apríl? What case is used after í here?
Here í means in, as in in March and in April. With names of months, Icelandic normally uses í + dative:
- í mars = in March
- í apríl = in April
This is a very common time expression. You can think of it as the standard way to say in + month.
A few examples:
- í janúar = in January
- í maí = in May
- í desember = in December
So in this sentence, Í mars and í apríl are just time phrases telling us when things happen.
Why is the word order Í mars vill hún... instead of Í mars hún vill...?
This is because Icelandic is a verb-second (V2) language in main clauses. That means the finite verb usually comes in the second position.
So if the sentence begins with a time expression like Í mars, the verb comes next:
- Í mars vill hún...
literally: In March wants she...
Not:
- Í mars hún vill...
This also happens later in the sentence:
- í apríl byrjar hún...
because í apríl takes the first position, so byrjar must come second.
This is one of the most important word-order patterns in Icelandic.
Why is it vill hún lesa? Does vilja take an infinitive without að?
Yes. Vilja (to want) is a modal-like verb, and it is followed directly by the infinitive, without að.
So:
- hún vill lesa = she wants to read
- hún vill hitta vini = she wants to meet friends
Compare:
- vilja + infinitive → no að
Examples:
- Ég vil fara. = I want to go.
- Við viljum læra. = We want to learn.
So vill hún ekki bara lesa meira... is completely normal: she doesn’t only want to read more...
How does ekki bara ... heldur líka ... work?
This is a very common pattern meaning not only ... but also ...
In the sentence:
- hún vill ekki bara lesa meira, heldur líka hitta vini oftar
This means:
- she wants not only to read more, but also to meet friends more often
The pattern is:
- ekki bara X, heldur líka Y
Examples:
Hann borðar ekki bara fisk, heldur líka kjöt.
= He eats not only fish, but also meat.Við lærum ekki bara málfræði, heldur líka framburð.
= We learn not only grammar, but also pronunciation.
So heldur líka is not usually understood literally word by word here; it works as part of the fixed contrastive structure.
Why is it lesa meira? Is meira an adverb here?
Yes. Here meira means more, and it functions adverbially with lesa (to read).
- lesa meira = read more
It does not mean a bigger thing here; it means to a greater extent / in greater quantity.
Compare:
- að lesa meira = to read more
- að vinna meira = to work more
- að sofa meira = to sleep more
So meira is behaving much like English more in read more.
Why is it oftar in hitta vini oftar?
Oftar is the comparative form of oft (often).
- oft = often
- oftar = more often
So:
- hitta vini oftar = meet friends more often
Examples:
- Ég fer oft í sund. = I often go swimming.
- Ég fer oftar í sund núna. = I go swimming more often now.
Even if there is no explicit comparison like than before, Icelandic often uses the comparative naturally, just like English does:
- I want to read more
- I want to meet friends more often
Why is it hitta vini and not something like hitta vinir?
Because hitta takes a direct object, and the direct object is in the accusative case.
The noun vinur (friend) has:
- nominative plural: vinir
- accusative plural: vini
So:
- hitta vini = meet friends
This is a very common pattern:
- ég sé vini = I see friends
- hún heimsækir vini = she visits friends
So vini is used because the friends are the object of the verb hitta.
Why is there no article in hitta vini? Why not the friends?
Because Icelandic, like English, does not always need a definite article. Vini here simply means friends in a general sense.
So:
- hitta vini = meet friends
If the sentence meant specific known friends, Icelandic could use the definite form:
- hitta vinina = meet the friends / meet her friends (depending on context)
But in this sentence, the meaning is general:
- she wants to socialize more
- she wants to meet friends more often
So the indefinite/general plural vini is the natural choice.
Why does the second part say byrjar hún að hjóla? Why is there að after byrjar, when there was no að after vill?
Because different verbs govern different structures.
vilja takes a bare infinitive:
vill lesa, vill hittabyrja is commonly followed by að + infinitive:
byrjar að hjóla
So:
- hún vill lesa = she wants to read
- hún byrjar að hjóla = she starts to bike / starts biking
This is something learners usually just have to memorize verb by verb.
A few examples:
- Ég byrja að vinna klukkan átta. = I start working at eight.
- Þau byrja að læra. = They begin to study.
What exactly does að hjóla mean here?
Að hjóla means to bike, to cycle, or to ride a bicycle.
So:
- byrjar hún að hjóla aftur = she starts cycling again / starts biking again
The verb hjóla specifically refers to going by bicycle.
Examples:
- Ég hjóla í vinnuna. = I bike to work.
- Hún hjólar mikið á sumrin. = She cycles a lot in summer.
What does aftur mean, and why is it at the end?
Aftur means again.
So:
- að hjóla aftur = to cycle again
Placing aftur near the end is very natural in Icelandic. It modifies the action and shows that she is returning to an activity she used to do before.
Examples:
- Ég les bókina aftur. = I read the book again.
- Hann byrjar aftur. = He starts again.
- Hún fer að syngja aftur. = She starts singing again.
So in this sentence, aftur tells us that in April she resumes biking.
Is byrjar hún after og í apríl another example of verb-second word order?
Yes. Even after og (and), the clause í apríl byrjar hún að hjóla aftur still follows normal main-clause word order.
The first element of that clause is:
- í apríl
So the finite verb comes second:
- byrjar
Then comes the subject:
- hún
So:
- og í apríl byrjar hún að hjóla aftur
This is very typical Icelandic structure. English learners often expect og í apríl hún byrjar..., but Icelandic keeps the V2 pattern.
Could hitta vini also be understood as see friends, not just meet friends?
Yes, depending on context. Hitta often means meet, but in everyday language it can also be close to see in the sense of spend time with / get together with someone.
So:
- hitta vini oftar
could be understood as:
- meet friends more often
- see friends more often
In this sentence, the broader idea is probably socializing more often, not necessarily meeting for the first time or in a formal sense.
What is the overall structure of the sentence?
It breaks down like this:
- Í mars — time phrase
- vill hún — finite verb + subject
- ekki bara lesa meira — first infinitive idea
- heldur líka hitta vini oftar — contrasting second infinitive idea
- og í apríl — new coordinated clause with a new time phrase
- byrjar hún að hjóla aftur — finite verb + subject + infinitive phrase
So the sentence has two main time frames:
In March she wants to do two things:
- read more
- meet friends more often
In April she starts doing something else:
- cycling again
That makes it a nice example of:
- time expressions
- verb-second word order
- infinitive constructions
- the pattern ekki bara ... heldur líka ...
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