המורה אמרה שכל מי שלא מבין יכול לשאול עוד שאלה אחרי השיעור.

Because המורה can mean either the male teacher or the female teacher, and the verb shows which one is meant.

• אמרה = she said
• אמר = he said

So this sentence specifically means the teacher was female.

The prefix ש־ usually means that, which, or who, depending on context.

Here, שכל is really:

• ש־ = that
• כל = every / all

So after אמרה, it introduces the clause that...

In this sentence:

• המורה אמרה ש... = The teacher said that...

כל מי is a very common Hebrew expression meaning:

• everyone who
• anyone who
• whoever

So:

• כל מי שלא מבין = anyone who doesn’t understand

Even though כל often means all/every, the whole phrase כל מי works as one unit.

Because שלא here is made of:

• ש־ = who/that
• לא = not

So כל מי שלא מבין literally works like:

• everyone who not understands

In natural English, that becomes:

• anyone who doesn’t understand

You often see שלא inside relative clauses like this.

Hebrew often uses the masculine singular as the default form when talking about a general person, especially in expressions like כל מי.

So:

• כל מי שלא מבין = anyone who doesn’t understand

Even though it refers to any person, Hebrew keeps the verb/adjective in singular, and very often masculine singular by default.

If the speaker were clearly referring only to females, you might see feminine forms in some contexts, but the standard general form is masculine singular.

For the same reason: כל מי is treated grammatically like a singular idea, even though its meaning can include many people.

So Hebrew says:

• כל מי ... יכול = anyone who ... can

not:

• כל מי ... יכולים

This is very natural Hebrew.

מבין is the present-tense form of להבין (to understand).

So:

• מבין = understands / is understanding

In this sentence:

• לא מבין = doesn’t understand

Hebrew present tense often covers what English expresses with simple present.

לשאול is the infinitive to ask.

After יכול (can / is able to), Hebrew normally uses an infinitive:

• יכול לשאול = can ask

This is similar to English:

• can ask not
• can asks

Because אחרי already means after, and it is used directly before the noun.

So:

• אחרי השיעור = after the lesson / after class

Hebrew does not need an extra word like English to here.

עוד usually means more, another, or additional, depending on context.

So:

• עוד שאלה = another question / one more question

Here it means an additional question after the lesson.

Because את is used before a definite direct object, and עוד שאלה is indefinite.

Compare:

• לשאול עוד שאלה = to ask another question → no את
• לשאול את השאלה = to ask the question → את appears because השאלה is definite

So the absence of את is completely normal.

It can mean either, depending on context.

• שיעור can be lesson, class, or sometimes lecture/session
• אחרי השיעור could be translated as after the lesson or after class

Both are reasonable in English.

It breaks down like this:

• המורה אמרה = The teacher said
• שכל מי שלא מבין = that anyone who doesn’t understand
• יכול לשאול עוד שאלה = can ask another question
• אחרי השיעור = after the lesson/class

So the structure is:

The teacher said + that-clause

This is a very common Hebrew pattern:

• [someone] אמר/אמרה ש... = [someone] said that...

Yes. That is a very good translation.

Possible natural English translations include:

• anyone who doesn’t understand
• whoever doesn’t understand
• everyone who doesn’t understand

In this sentence, anyone who doesn’t understand is usually the most natural choice.

No. המורה is one of those nouns that can refer to either a man or a woman.

So:

• המורה אמר = the male teacher said
• המורה אמרה = the female teacher said

The noun itself does not force feminine meaning here; the verb tells you.

Only the first verb would need to change:

• המורה אמר שכל מי שלא מבין יכול לשאול עוד שאלה אחרי השיעור.

Everything else could stay the same.

That would mean:

• The teacher said that anyone who doesn’t understand can ask another question after the lesson.

Yes, עוד can sometimes mean still or yet, but context tells you which meaning is intended.

Here, עוד comes directly before a noun:

• עוד שאלה

In that position, it normally means:

• another question
• one more question

So here it definitely means another/additional, not still.