בסוף אנחנו אומרים שהעוגה עם הדבש טובה יותר מהעוגה שאפינו אתמול.

Here בסוף means in the end, finally, or ultimately.

Literally, it can also mean at the end, but in this sentence it is being used more like a discourse marker: after considering things, in the end we say that one cake is better than the other.

Not exactly. In the present tense, Hebrew verbs do not clearly show person the way English does. אומרים is a masculine plural present form, so by itself it could mean we say, you all say, or they say, depending on context.

Adding אנחנו makes it clear that the subject is we.

The prefix ש־ means that here.

It introduces a clause after אומרים:
אנחנו אומרים ש... = we say that...

In modern Hebrew, this ש־ is attached directly to the following word, so שהעוגה is literally that-the-cake.

The prefix ה־ is the Hebrew definite article, meaning the.

So:

• עוגה = a cake / cake
• העוגה = the cake
• דבש = honey
• הדבש = the honey

Hebrew usually adds the as a prefix, instead of using a separate word like English does.

Because עוגה is a feminine singular noun, and adjectives in Hebrew usually agree with the noun in gender and number.

So:

• masculine singular: טוב
• feminine singular: טובה

Since העוגה is feminine singular, the correct form is טובה.

Hebrew often forms comparisons with יותר, which literally means more.

So:

• טובה = good
• טובה יותר = more good = better

This is a very normal way to make comparatives in Hebrew. It is similar to saying more beautiful, more interesting, etc., except in English we use the irregular form better instead of more good.

In comparisons, Hebrew uses מ־ for than.

So:

• יותר מהעוגה = more than the cake
• in context: better than the cake

Because מ־ is a prefix, it attaches to the following word. That is why you get מהעוגה as one written unit rather than two separate words.

This is a relative clause.

Break it down like this:

• העוגה = the cake
• ש־ = that / which
• אפינו = we baked
• אתמול = yesterday

So the whole phrase means the cake that we baked yesterday.

Hebrew does not need a separate word exactly like English which here; ש־ does that job.

אפינו is the past tense, first person plural form of the verb לאפות, meaning to bake.

So אפינו means we baked.

The ending ־נו is a very common past-tense ending for we in Hebrew.

Yes. Both טובה יותר and יותר טובה are used in modern Hebrew.

In many everyday contexts, יותר טובה may sound a bit more conversational, while טובה יותר can sound slightly more formal or more carefully structured, but both are completely understandable and common.

Both are possible, but they are not exactly the same.

• העוגה עם הדבש = the cake with the honey
• עוגת דבש = honey cake

עוגת דבש sounds more like the name or type of cake.
העוגה עם הדבש sounds more like you are describing a specific cake by mentioning what it has in it or on it.

So in this sentence, עם הדבש is emphasizing the cake with the honey as one specific cake being compared to another.

That is a very normal Hebrew word order.

שאפינו אתמול literally gives that we baked yesterday, with the time expression coming after the verb. Hebrew often places time words like אתמול, היום, and מחר after the verb or near the end of the clause.

So this part sounds natural and straightforward to a native speaker.