Ιδρώνω πολύ όταν περπατάω γρήγορα το καλοκαίρι, και η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα στο λεωφορείο.

Because Greek verbs usually already show the subject.

• ιδρώνω = I sweat / I am sweating
• The ending -ω tells you it is 1st person singular (I).

So Greek often drops the subject pronoun unless it is needed for emphasis or contrast. You could say Εγώ ιδρώνω πολύ, but that would sound more like I sweat a lot.

Ιδρώνω means I sweat or I am sweating.

It is:

• present tense
• 1st person singular

Greek present tense can cover both:

• a general/habitual meaning: I sweat a lot when I walk fast in the summer
• an ongoing meaning in the right context: I’m sweating

Here, because of the whole sentence, it has a general/habitual meaning.

Because the subject changes.

• ιδρώνω = I sweat
• ιδρώνει = he/she/it sweats

So:

• Ιδρώνω πολύ = I sweat a lot
• η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα = my friend sweats easily

The second verb agrees with η φίλη μου, which is she.

Πολύ here means a lot.

So:

• Ιδρώνω πολύ = I sweat a lot

It is being used adverbially, describing the verb ιδρώνω.

Compare:

• πολύ νερό = a lot of water
• τρέχω πολύ = I run a lot
• ιδρώνω πολύ = I sweat a lot

Όταν means when.

It introduces a time clause:

• όταν περπατάω γρήγορα = when I walk fast

So the structure is:

• main clause: Ιδρώνω πολύ
• time clause: όταν περπατάω γρήγορα

A natural English-style breakdown is:

• I sweat a lot when I walk fast

Yes. Both περπατάω and περπατώ are correct.

They are two common present-tense variants of the same verb:

• περπατάω
• περπατώ

Both mean I walk.

In everyday spoken Greek, περπατάω is very common and sounds natural. Περπατώ is also correct and may sound a bit shorter or slightly more formal depending on context and speaker.

Because γρήγορα is the adverb form here, meaning quickly / fast.

• γρήγορος = fast/quick as an adjective for a masculine noun
• γρήγορη = feminine adjective
• γρήγορο = neuter adjective
• γρήγορα = adverb, quickly / fast

So:

• ένα γρήγορο αυτοκίνητο = a fast car
• περπατάω γρήγορα = I walk fast / quickly

Το καλοκαίρι means in the summer / during the summer / in summer.

Greek often uses the definite article with seasons, times, and similar expressions:

• το καλοκαίρι = in the summer
• τον χειμώνα = in the winter
• την Κυριακή = on Sunday

So the article is completely normal here.

Because Greek often uses the accusative in time expressions without a preposition.

So το καλοκαίρι literally looks like the summer, but functionally it means:

• in summer
• during the summer

This is a very common Greek pattern.

Greek very often uses the definite article with possessive expressions.

So:

• η φίλη μου = my friend
• literally something like the friend of mine

This is normal Greek grammar. The article does not sound extra or strange in Greek.

You can sometimes omit the article in certain contexts, but η φίλη μου is the standard form here.

It can mean either, depending on context.

• η φίλη μου can mean my female friend
• it can also mean my girlfriend

In this sentence, without extra context, many learners would understand it as my female friend, but context is what really decides.

If someone wants to be very clear, Greek may use other expressions too, depending on the situation.

Μου means my here.

In Greek, possessive words like μου, σου, του, της often come after the noun:

• η φίλη μου = my friend
• το βιβλίο μου = my book

So unlike English, Greek usually says:

• the friend my
• the book my

That is just the normal Greek pattern.

Εύκολα literally means easily.

In this sentence:

• η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα

it means:

• my friend sweats easily
• more naturally in English: my friend gets sweaty easily

So it does not mean she is doing it intentionally; it means it happens to her without much cause.

Στο is a contraction of:

• σε = in, at, on, to
• το = the

So:

• σε + το = στο

That gives:

• στο λεωφορείο = on the bus / in the bus

In English, we normally say on the bus, but Greek uses σε very naturally here.

Because λεωφορείο is simply a neuter noun in Greek.

Its article is:

• το λεωφορείο = the bus

Greek nouns have grammatical gender:

• masculine
• feminine
• neuter

This gender is grammatical, so it does not mean the bus is somehow neutral in real life; it is just the noun class.

Yes. Greek present tense often covers both meanings, depending on context.

For example:

• Ιδρώνω πολύ can mean I sweat a lot in general
• in another context it could mean I’m sweating a lot

In this sentence, because of όταν, το καλοκαίρι, and the general description of the friend, the meaning is clearly habitual/general.

Because the sentence joins two full clauses:

• Ιδρώνω πολύ όταν περπατάω γρήγορα το καλοκαίρι
• η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα στο λεωφορείο

Greek punctuation can use a comma before και when linking longer clauses, especially if it helps clarity. It is not unusual here.

The word order is fairly natural, but Greek is more flexible than English.

This sentence:

• Ιδρώνω πολύ όταν περπατάω γρήγορα το καλοκαίρι, και η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα στο λεωφορείο.

could be rearranged in some ways without changing the basic meaning, for example:

• Το καλοκαίρι ιδρώνω πολύ όταν περπατάω γρήγορα.
• Η φίλη μου ιδρώνει εύκολα στο λεωφορείο.

Greek word order often changes for:

• emphasis
• rhythm
• focus

But the original order is completely natural.

It is pronounced roughly ee-THRO-no.

A few helpful points:

• Ι sounds like ee
• δρ is like dr, but the δ is the Greek soft th sound, like this
• the stress is on δρώ: ιδΡΩνω

So:

• Ιδρώνω ≈ ee-THRO-no
• ιδρώνει ≈ ee-THRE-ni

These are only rough English approximations, but they help.