Αν δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο, μπορείς να κάνεις μια γρήγορη σαλάτα με σπανάκι, μανιτάρια και καλαμπόκι.

Αν means if. It introduces a condition:

• Αν δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο = If you don’t have much time

In everyday Greek, αν is the normal word for if. You may also see εάν, which is a more formal version.

Δεν is the basic negation word used before verbs in Greek.

• έχεις = you have
• δεν έχεις = you do not have / you don’t have

Greek does not use a separate word like English do for negation here. You simply put δεν before the verb.

έχεις is the 2nd person singular form of έχω (to have), so it means you have.

The full subject εσύ (you) is not needed, because the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• έχω = I have
• έχεις = you have
• έχει = he/she/it has

So δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο literally means not have-you much time = you don’t have much time.

Here πολύ means much / a lot of, and it goes with the singular noun χρόνο (time).

• πολύ χρόνο = much time / a lot of time

This is different from πολλά, which is used with plural countable nouns:

• πολύ χρόνο = much time
• πολλά βιβλία = many books

So Greek distinguishes between:

• πολύ for singular or uncountable quantity
• πολλά / πολλές / πολλοί for plural countable things

Because χρόνο is in the accusative case, not the nominative.

The dictionary form is:

• ο χρόνος = time

But after έχω (to have), the thing you have is the direct object, so it goes in the accusative:

• έχω χρόνο = I have time
• δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο = you don’t have much time

For many masculine nouns, the accusative singular ends in -ο:

• ο χρόνος → τον χρόνο

Modern Greek usually expresses can with the verb μπορώ plus να plus another verb.

• μπορείς = you can
• να κάνεις = to make / make

So:

• μπορείς να κάνεις = you can make

Greek does not use an infinitive the way English does. Instead of to make, Greek uses να + a finite verb form.

Να is a very common particle in Greek. It often introduces what English would express with an infinitive or a subordinate verb form.

In this sentence:

• μπορείς να κάνεις = you can make

You can think of να here as part of the structure required after μπορώ.

Very roughly:

• English: can make
• Greek: can + να + make

It does not have a single neat English translation in every case, but it is essential in Greek grammar.

Yes. Κάνω is a very common verb meaning do or make, and in food contexts it can mean make/prepare.

So:

• κάνω μια σαλάτα = make a salad
• κάνω φαγητό = make food / cook

Greek often uses very general verbs like κάνω where English might choose a more specific one such as prepare.

Μια is the feminine form of the indefinite article a / an, because σαλάτα is a feminine noun.

• μια σαλάτα = a salad

Γρήγορη is the feminine singular form of the adjective quick, agreeing with σαλάτα.

So:

• μια γρήγορη σαλάτα = a quick salad

The agreement is:

• σαλάτα = feminine singular
• γρήγορη = feminine singular
• μια = feminine singular

Because γρήγορη is an adjective, while γρήγορα is usually an adverb.

In this sentence, quick describes the noun salad, so Greek uses the adjective:

• μια γρήγορη σαλάτα = a quick salad

Compare:

• Μαγειρεύει γρήγορα. = He/She cooks quickly.
  Here γρήγορα describes the verb, so it is an adverb.

In Greek, adjectives can often come before or after the noun, but before the noun is very common, especially in simple everyday phrases.

• μια γρήγορη σαλάτα = a quick salad

You may also hear adjective placement after the noun in other contexts, but the version in your sentence is completely natural and standard.

Με means with, so it introduces what the salad contains:

• με σπανάκι, μανιτάρια και καλαμπόκι = with spinach, mushrooms, and corn

This is the normal way to list ingredients or accompaniments in Greek.

Greek often omits articles in ingredient lists, especially after με.

So:

• σαλάτα με σπανάκι, μανιτάρια και καλαμπόκι sounds like a natural ingredient description: salad with spinach, mushrooms, and corn

You could sometimes include articles in other contexts, but in recipe-style or menu-style descriptions, leaving them out is very common.

This is about how the ingredients are normally thought of.

• σπανάκι = spinach, usually treated as an uncountable ingredient
• καλαμπόκι = corn, also often treated as an ingredient/mass noun
• μανιτάρια = mushrooms, usually thought of as separate pieces, so plural is natural

English does something similar:

• spinach
• corn
• mushrooms

So the Greek is very natural here.

Yes. All those verb forms are 2nd person singular, so the sentence is speaking to one person informally:

• έχεις = you have
• μπορείς = you can
• κάνεις = you make

If you were addressing more than one person, or speaking formally to one person, Greek would use plural forms:

• Αν δεν έχετε πολύ χρόνο, μπορείτε να κάνετε...

Yes, but it is usually unnecessary.

Greek normally leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the subject:

• δεν έχεις
• μπορείς
• κάνεις

You could say Αν εσύ δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο..., but that adds emphasis, something like:

• If you don’t have much time...
  with extra stress on you

Without εσύ, the sentence sounds more neutral and natural.

Greek word order is fairly flexible, but the version you have is the most neutral and natural.

Standard order here:

• Αν δεν έχεις πολύ χρόνο, μπορείς να κάνεις μια γρήγορη σαλάτα...

You might change the order for emphasis, but learners should stick with this pattern first:

1. condition with αν
2. main clause
3. extra details with με

So yes, the word order can vary, but the given sentence is an excellent model to copy.