Η φίλη μου, όπως και ο αδερφός της, είναι πολύ χαρούμενη μετά τη γιορτή.

My friend, like her brother, is very happy after the celebration.

Breakdown of Η φίλη μου, όπως και ο αδερφός της, είναι πολύ χαρούμενη μετά τη γιορτή.

• είμαι: to be
• πολύ: very
• η φίλη: the female friend
• μου: my
• μετά: after
• της: her
• και: also
• ο αδερφός: the brother
• χαρούμενος: happy
• η γιορτή: the celebration
• όπως: like

Questions & Answers about Η φίλη μου, όπως και ο αδερφός της, είναι πολύ χαρούμενη μετά τη γιορτή.

Why is it Η φίλη μου and not ο φίλος μου? How do I know the gender?

Φίλη is the feminine form of φίλος (friend).

• Η φίλη = female friend (she)
• Ο φίλος = male friend (he)

The definite article shows the gender:

• η = feminine singular
• ο = masculine singular

So Η φίλη μου specifically means my (female) friend.

Why does μου come after φίλη instead of before, like in English “my friend”?

In Greek, the weak possessive pronouns (μου, σου, του, της, etc.) usually come after the noun:

• η φίλη μου = my friend
• το βιβλίο σου = your book

The structure is typically: article + noun + weak possessive.
So you don’t say μου φίλη in normal speech; you say η φίλη μου.

What exactly does όπως και mean here? Is it “and”, “as well as”, or “like”?

In this sentence, όπως και ο αδερφός της means “as well as her brother” / “just like her brother”.

• όπως = as, like
• και = and / also

Together they often mean “as well as / just like”:

• Η Μαρία, όπως και η Ελένη, αγαπάει τη μουσική.
  = Maria, like Eleni, loves music.

Why is όπως και ο αδερφός της surrounded by commas? Is it optional?

The commas show that όπως και ο αδερφός της is a parenthetical phrase (an aside), not the main subject.
If you remove it, you still have a complete sentence:

• Η φίλη μου είναι πολύ χαρούμενη μετά τη γιορτή.

The commas tell you to read it like:

• My friend – as well as her brother – is very happy after the celebration.

What does της refer to in ο αδερφός της? Why is it after the noun instead of before, like “her brother”?

Here της means “her” and refers back to η φίλη μου.
Greek uses the same post‑noun pattern as before: article + noun + weak possessive:

• ο αδερφός της = her brother
• ο πατέρας του = his father

So you don’t normally say της αδερφός; you say ο αδερφός της.

Why is the verb είναι singular even though we mention two people (my friend and her brother)?

Grammatically, the only subject of the sentence is η φίλη μου.
The part όπως και ο αδερφός της is inserted as extra information, set off by commas.

So the structure is:

• Η φίλη μου … είναι πολύ χαρούμενη …

If both η φίλη μου and ο αδερφός της were the grammatical subject, you would normally say:

• Η φίλη μου και ο αδερφός της είναι πολύ χαρούμενοι μετά τη γιορτή.

Why is χαρούμενη feminine singular? Shouldn’t it agree with both “friend” and “brother” and be plural?

Χαρούμενη agrees with the grammatical subject, which is only η φίλη μου (feminine singular).
So:

• η φίλη μου είναι χαρούμενη (fem. sg.)

If both were the subject, you’d need the plural:

• Η φίλη μου και ο αδερφός της είναι πολύ χαρούμενοι. (masc. plural, because it’s a mixed‑gender group)

What is the difference between χαρούμενη, χαρούμενος, and χαρούμενοι?

They are different forms of the adjective χαρούμενος (happy), agreeing with gender and number:

• χαρούμενος = masculine singular (e.g. ο φίλος είναι χαρούμενος)
• χαρούμενη = feminine singular (e.g. η φίλη είναι χαρούμενη)
• χαρούμενοι = masculine (or mixed) plural (e.g. οι φίλοι είναι χαρούμενοι)

In the sentence, χαρούμενη is used because η φίλη is feminine singular.

What role does πολύ play here? Is it an adjective that agrees, or something else?

Here πολύ is an adverb meaning “very” and it does not change form:

• πολύ χαρούμενη = very happy

This is different from the adjective πολύς / πολλή / πολύ (“much / many”), which does agree:

• πολλή χαρά = much joy (feminine)
• πολύς κόσμος = many people (masculine)

In πολύ χαρούμενη, you’re using the invariable adverb.

What does μετά mean, and why is τη γιορτή in the accusative?

Μετά here means “after”.
In modern Greek, μετά + accusative = after (in time):

• μετά τη δουλειά = after work
• μετά το μάθημα = after the lesson

So μετά τη γιορτή = after the celebration, with τη γιορτή in the accusative because it follows the preposition μετά.

Why is it τη γιορτή and not την γιορτή?

The feminine accusative article is historically την, but in modern speech the final -ν often drops before many consonants.
So both are possible in writing:

• την γιορτή (more careful/spelled‑out form)
• τη γιορτή (very common, especially before γ, κ, π, τ, μπ, ντ, γκ, ξ, ψ)

In everyday Greek, τη γιορτή is completely natural.

What exactly does γιορτή mean? Is it “party”, “celebration”, or “name day”?

Γιορτή is a general word for a celebration, festivity, or feast.
Depending on context, it can be:

• a party
• a festival / feast day
• a name day (very commonly, η γιορτή μου = my name day)

So μετά τη γιορτή can be translated as after the celebration or after the party, depending on the situation.

Could I say Η φίλη μου και ο αδερφός της είναι πολύ χαρούμενοι μετά τη γιορτή? How does that differ from the original?

Yes, that is a correct and slightly different sentence.

• Η φίλη μου και ο αδερφός της είναι πολύ χαρούμενοι μετά τη γιορτή.
  = My friend and her brother are very happy after the celebration.

Here, both are the grammatical subject, so the verb and adjective are plural (είναι … χαρούμενοι).
In the original, the main subject is only η φίλη μου, and the brother is just mentioned by comparison.

Is there a difference between αδερφός and αδελφός?

They are the same word: brother.

• αδελφός is the more traditional/spelling‑based form.
• αδερφός reflects how most people actually pronounce it in modern Greek.

Both are understood; αδερφός is very common in everyday writing and speech.

Could the word order change, for example Μετά τη γιορτή η φίλη μου, όπως και ο αδερφός της, είναι πολύ χαρούμενη? Is that still natural?

Yes, that is natural Greek. Time expressions like μετά τη γιορτή often go at the beginning:

• Μετά τη γιορτή η φίλη μου, όπως και ο αδερφός της, είναι πολύ χαρούμενη.

The meaning doesn’t really change; Greek word order is fairly flexible, and you use it mainly to change emphasis, not basic meaning.