Mon doigt saigne encore un peu, alors je mets un pansement.

Because doigt is a masculine noun in French: le doigt = the finger.

So the possessive adjective must match the noun, not the owner:

• mon doigt = my finger
• ton doigt = your finger
• son doigt = his/her finger

Even though the speaker could be male or female, French still uses mon because doigt is masculine.

Saigne comes from the verb saigner, which means to bleed.

In this sentence:

• Mon doigt saigne = my finger is bleeding

This is the present tense, third person singular, because mon doigt is the subject.

A quick conjugation:

• je saigne
• tu saignes
• il/elle/on saigne
• nous saignons
• vous saignez
• ils/elles saignent

French often makes the body part the subject when that sounds natural.

So:

• Mon doigt saigne = literally My finger is bleeding

That is a very natural French way to say it.

You could also say something like Je saigne du doigt in some contexts, but Mon doigt saigne is simpler and more direct here.

Here, encore un peu means still a little or a little bit more / a little bit longer, depending on context.

In this sentence:

• Mon doigt saigne encore un peu = My finger is still bleeding a little

So:

• encore here = still
• un peu = a little / a bit

Together, they suggest the bleeding has not completely stopped yet.

No. Encore can mean several things, and this often confuses learners.

Common meanings:

• again: Dis-le encore. = Say it again.
• still: Il dort encore. = He is still sleeping.
• more / another: Encore du pain ? = More bread?

In Mon doigt saigne encore un peu, it means still, not again.

Here alors means something like so, therefore, or in that case.

The sentence structure is:

• My finger is still bleeding a little, so I put on a bandage.

So alors links cause and result:

• bleeding continues
• therefore, I use a bandage

Depending on context, alors can also mean then:

• Et alors ? = So? / What then?
• Alors, on commence ? = So, shall we begin?

Mets is the je form of the verb mettre, which usually means to put.

Conjugation in the present:

• je mets
• tu mets
• il/elle/on met
• nous mettons
• vous mettez
• ils/elles mettent

So:

• je mets un pansement = I put on a bandage

It is mets because the subject is je.

Yes. Mettre un pansement literally means to put on/apply a bandage or a plaster.

It is a very normal French expression.

Depending on the variety of English:

• British English: put on a plaster
• American English: put on a Band-Aid / bandage

The French noun is:

• un pansement

French usually needs an article before a singular countable noun.

So you say:

• je mets un pansement = I put on a bandage

You normally would not say just je mets pansement.

French articles are used more regularly than in English, so learners often need to remember that French usually wants:

• un / une / le / la / des, etc.

French often uses the present tense for actions happening right now.

So:

• Mon doigt saigne encore un peu = My finger is still bleeding
• je mets un pansement = I’m putting on a bandage / so I put on a bandage

In English, we often prefer the present continuous:

• is bleeding
• am putting on

French does not need a separate continuous form here. The simple present does the job.

Yes, doigt is tricky for English speakers.

It is pronounced approximately like dwa.

Important points:

• the g is not pronounced like in English go
• the final t is normally silent
• oi is pronounced roughly like wa

So:

• doigt ≈ dwa

This is one of those words whose spelling is much less obvious than its pronunciation.

Saigne is pronounced approximately like seny or sègn, depending on how you represent French sounds for English speakers.

The important part is gn, which in French often sounds like the ny in canyon.

So:

• saigner
• saigne

have that soft gn sound, not a hard English g sound.

Yes, it sounds natural and idiomatic.

Mon doigt saigne encore un peu, alors je mets un pansement. is a normal way to express:

• the finger is still bleeding a bit
• so the speaker is putting on a bandage

A native speaker might also say slightly different versions depending on tone and situation, for example:

• Mon doigt saigne encore un peu, donc je mets un pansement.
• Je me suis coupé le doigt, alors je mets un pansement.

But the original sentence is completely natural.