Je vois onze photos.

Because voir is the infinitive, meaning the basic dictionary form to see. In a normal sentence, French usually needs a conjugated verb.

• voir = to see
• je vois = I see

So vois is the correct present-tense form used with je.

Vois is in the present tense (more precisely, the present indicative).

In French, this present tense can often cover both:

• I see
• I am seeing

So depending on context, je vois may sound like either one in English.

A simple approximation is zhuh vwah.

More exactly:

• je sounds like zhuh or sometimes a very light zh
• vois sounds like vwah

The s in vois is normally silent.

French uses j' only before a vowel sound or a silent h.

For example:

• j'aime
• j'habite

But vois begins with the consonant sound v, so you keep je:

• je vois

Because an exact number usually goes directly before the noun in French.

So you say:

• des photos = some photos
• onze photos = eleven photos

When you use a number like onze, you do not add des.

Because the noun is plural: onze means there is more than one photo.

So:

• une photo = one photo
• onze photos = eleven photos

French marks most plurals in writing with -s, even though that s is often not pronounced.

No. In normal pronunciation, the final s in photos is silent.

So:

• photo
• photos

are pronounced the same way in isolation.

This is very common in French: plural endings are often visible in spelling but not heard clearly in speech.

Onze is pronounced roughly like onz, but with a nasal vowel at the beginning.

A closer guide is:

• onze = /ɔ̃z/

The first sound does not exist exactly in English, so learners usually need practice with it.

It is both a shortened form and a completely normal everyday word.

• Full form: photographie
• Common everyday word: photo

In ordinary speech and writing, photo is extremely common and natural.

No special liaison is made here.

• vois ends in a written s, but that s is not pronounced here
• photos begins with f, so there is no liaison before it anyway

So the sentence is said smoothly as:

• Je vois onze photos
• approximately zhuh vwah onz fo-to

Yes, very often it can.

In natural English, I see and I can see are sometimes both possible translations, depending on context.

For example, je vois onze photos could be understood as:

• I see eleven photos
• I can see eleven photos

French does not always need a separate word for can in this kind of sentence.

Yes. This sentence follows a very common French pattern:

• subject
  • verb
    • number
      • noun

So:

• Je = subject
• vois = verb
• onze photos = object

This is very close to standard English word order, which makes this sentence fairly straightforward for English speakers.