Breakdown of Tegen de tijd dat wij gaan slapen, zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen.
Questions & Answers about Tegen de tijd dat wij gaan slapen, zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen.
What does tegen de tijd dat mean?
It means by the time that.
So Tegen de tijd dat wij gaan slapen means By the time we go to sleep.
Literally, tegen often means toward or by, but in this expression you should learn tegen de tijd dat as a fixed phrase meaning by the time that.
Why is it wij gaan slapen and not something like wij zullen gaan slapen?
Because Dutch usually uses the present tense for future events when the time is already clear from the context.
Here, tegen de tijd dat already tells you this is about the future, so wij gaan slapen is the normal choice.
This is similar to English, where you say:
- By the time we go to sleep...
not usually:
- By the time we will go to sleep...
After time expressions like als, wanneer, zodra, tegen de tijd dat, Dutch normally does not use zullen.
What tense is zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen?
This is the future perfect.
It is built like this:
- zullen in the present tense: zal
- plus hebben
- plus a past participle: opgeborgen
So:
- zal ... hebben opgeborgen = will have put away
It describes something that will already be completed before a point in the future.
Why is it zal ik instead of ik zal?
Because Dutch main clauses follow the verb-second rule.
The first part of the sentence, Tegen de tijd dat wij gaan slapen, takes the first position. After that, the finite verb of the main clause must come next, so you get:
- Tegen de tijd dat wij gaan slapen, zal ik ...
If there were no opening time clause, you would say:
- Ik zal de kleren al hebben opgeborgen.
So zal ik is caused by Dutch word order, not by a change in meaning.
Why are zal, hebben, and opgeborgen separated?
Because Dutch often splits verb parts across the sentence.
In this clause:
- zal is the finite verb
- hebben opgeborgen is the rest of the verbal cluster
In a main clause, the finite verb usually comes near the beginning, while the other verb forms go toward the end.
So Dutch says:
- zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen
where English keeps the verb group together more neatly:
- I will already have put away the clothes
What is happening with opgeborgen? Is the verb opbergen?
Yes, the verb is opbergen, meaning to put away, to store, or to tidy away.
This is a separable verb:
- infinitive: opbergen
- present tense main clause: ik berg op
- past participle: opgeborgen
So in the participle, the prefix op- joins back onto the verb, and ge is inserted:
- op + ge + borgen → opgeborgen
That is why you see opgeborgen as one word here.
What does al add to the sentence?
Al means already here.
It emphasizes that the action will be completed before that future moment:
- zal ik de kleren hebben opgeborgen = I will have put away the clothes
- zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen = I will already have put away the clothes
So al adds the idea of by then already.
Why does the sentence use wij instead of we?
Both wij and we mean we.
The difference is mainly style and stress:
- we = more common in everyday speech
- wij = fuller form, often more formal, careful, or emphasized
So this sentence could also be:
- Tegen de tijd dat we gaan slapen, zal ik de kleren al hebben opgeborgen.
That would sound very natural too.
Does de kleren just mean the clothes, or something more specific?
Literally, it means the clothes.
In context, it could refer to:
- some specific clothes
- clothes that were lying around
- laundry that has been folded and put away
Dutch kleren is a common everyday word for clothes. It is plural, so de is the plural article here.
Depending on context, English might translate it as:
- the clothes
- the laundry
- the things/clothes
But the literal meaning is simply the clothes.
Could you also say this without the future perfect, for example with heb ik ... opgeborgen?
Sometimes yes, especially in informal Dutch when the future meaning is obvious from context.
For example, you may hear something like:
- Tegen de tijd dat we gaan slapen, heb ik de kleren al opgeborgen.
Because tegen de tijd dat already points to the future, speakers sometimes use a present or perfect form more loosely.
However, zal ik ... hebben opgeborgen is the clearest and most explicit way to say I will have put away. It matches the idea of completion before a future moment very precisely.
Could opbergen be translated as clean up?
Sometimes, but not always.
Opbergen specifically means put away, store, or put in its proper place.
So if you put clothes back into a drawer or closet, opbergen is a very good verb.
Clean up can be broader. For that, Dutch often uses verbs like:
- opruimen = tidy up / clean up
- schoonmaken = clean
So here opbergen suggests the clothes are being put away, not necessarily that the whole room is being cleaned.
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