Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map, zodat ik het niet vergeet.

Breakdown of Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map, zodat ik het niet vergeet.

ik
I
niet
not
in
in
het
it
mijn
my
zodat
so that
vergeten
to forget
leggen
to put
de map
the folder
het bonnetje
the receipt
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Questions & Answers about Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map, zodat ik het niet vergeet.

Why is the verb leg placed directly after Ik in the first clause, but the verb vergeet at the end of the second clause?

In Dutch, main (independent) clauses use Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order, so you get:
Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map.
However, when you introduce a subordinate clause with a conjunction like zodat, the finite verb moves to the end. This is known as the “verb-final” rule in subordinate clauses:
... zodat ik het niet vergeet.

What’s the difference between using zodat and using om te to express purpose?

zodat introduces a full subordinate clause with its own subject and verb. Here you repeat the subject “ik,” so you say zodat ik het niet vergeet.
om te introduces an infinitive clause where the subject is assumed to be the same as the main clause, so you omit the subject. You could also say:
Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map om het niet te vergeten.
Both are correct; zodat emphasizes the result (“so that I don’t forget”), while om te is a straightforward purpose clause (“in order not to forget”).

Why is bonnetje used instead of bon?
The suffix -tje creates a diminutive, so bonnetje literally means “little receipt.” Dutch speakers commonly use diminutives for everyday objects to sound more informal or affectionate. Grammatically, all diminutives in Dutch are neuter, hence het bonnetje.
Why does the sentence use het to refer back to bonnetje, and why not hem?

Dutch pronouns agree with the grammatical gender of the noun they replace. Diminutives like bonnetje are always neuter, so the correct object pronoun is het, not hem (which is for masculine nouns):
... zodat ik het niet vergeet.

Could I use a different verb like stop or zet instead of leg?

Yes.
leggen (leg) emphasizes laying something flat or placing it.
stoppen (stop) emphasizes putting something inside (a pocket, bag, or folder).
zetten (zet) often implies placing something upright.
All three are possible:
Ik leg het bonnetje in mijn map.
Ik stop het bonnetje in mijn map.
Ik zet het bonnetje in mijn map.

What exactly does map mean here, and is it related to the English word “map”?
Dutch map means “folder,” “file folder,” or “ring binder.” It is not the same as the English “map” (kaart). If you want “map” in the sense of a geographic map, you would say kaart or landkaart.
Why is the preposition in used here, and could I use op instead?
in means “inside” the folder: you place the receipt within its pages or pockets. If you said op mijn map, it would mean “on top of my folder,” lying on its surface or cover, which changes the meaning.
Can I contract het to ’t in spoken or informal Dutch?

Yes. In informal speech and writing, speakers often drop the h and write ’t instead of het:
... zodat ik ’t niet vergeet.