Jeg får ikke mit nye kørekort, før de har min underskrift og et nyt pasfoto.

In Danish, the present tense is very often used for future meaning when the context already makes the time clear.

So Jeg får ikke mit nye kørekort ... literally uses present tense, but it naturally means something like I’m not getting / I won’t get my new driver’s license ...

This is very common in Danish. You do not always need vil for the future.

• Jeg kommer i morgen. = I’m coming tomorrow.
• Vi ses næste uge. = We’ll see each other next week.

So here, får is present in form, but future in meaning.

In a normal main clause, Danish usually puts the finite verb in second position. The negation ikke usually comes after that verb.

So:

• Jeg får ikke ...
• not: Jeg ikke får ...

This is a very typical Danish word-order pattern.

Compare:

• Jeg arbejder ikke i dag.
• Hun kommer ikke i morgen.

So in your sentence, får is the finite verb, and ikke follows it.

Because kørekort is a neuter noun in Danish, and the possessive has to match that.

Danish possessives for my are:

• min for common gender nouns
• mit for neuter nouns
• mine for plural

So:

• min bil = my car
• mit kørekort = my driver’s license
• mine bøger = my books

Since kørekort is neuter, you need mit.

Because when an adjective comes after a possessive like min/mit/mine, Danish normally uses the -e form of the adjective.

So:

• min nye bil
• mit nye kørekort
• mine nye sko

Even though kørekort is neuter, the adjective here is still nye, not nyt, because it follows a possessive.

Compare:

• et nyt kørekort = a new driver’s license
• mit nye kørekort = my new driver’s license

That difference is very important.

Because in Danish, a possessive already makes the noun definite, so you do not add en/et or the suffixed definite ending.

So you say:

• mit kørekort
• not et mit kørekort
• not mit kørekortet

This works like English:

• my car
• not the my car

The possessive itself is enough.

After time words like før (before), Danish often uses the present tense even when English might use a future form.

So:

• før de har min underskrift literally: before they have my signature but in meaning: before/until they get my signature

Danish usually avoids vil in clauses like this when the future meaning is already obvious from the context.

Compare:

• Jeg ringer, når jeg kommer hjem. = I’ll call when I get home.

Not usually:

• når jeg vil komme hjem

So har is completely normal here.

This is a very common pattern: ikke ... før often means not ... until.

So:

• Jeg får ikke mit nye kørekort, før ... means
• I won’t get my new driver’s license until ...

On its own, før usually means before. But when it follows a negative main clause, English often translates the whole structure as not ... until.

Compare:

• Jeg spiser ikke, før du kommer. = I won’t eat until you come.

So the meaning comes from the combination ikke + før.

De here means they. It refers to some understood group such as:

• the authorities
• the office handling the license
• the people processing the application

Danish often uses de when the specific people are not named but are understood from the situation.

It is not the formal pronoun De meaning polite you. In modern Danish, polite De is rare, and here the meaning is clearly ordinary they.

Because after a possessive, Danish uses the basic noun form, not the definite form.

So:

• min underskrift = my signature
• not min underskriften

This is the same pattern as:

• min bil
• mit pas
• mine papirer

The possessive already makes the noun definite enough, so you do not add the definite ending.

Because pasfoto is a singular countable noun, so in Danish you normally need the indefinite article:

• et pasfoto = a passport photo

Since it is a neuter noun, the article is et, and the adjective also takes the neuter form:

• et nyt pasfoto

So:

• et = indefinite article for neuter nouns
• nyt = neuter singular form of ny

Because the adjective form depends on the structure.

1. After an indefinite article with a neuter singular noun:

you use nyt

• et nyt pasfoto

2. After a possessive:

you usually use nye

• mit nye kørekort

So the difference is not really about the meaning of new. It is about the grammar around the noun.

Compare:

• et nyt hus = a new house
• mit nye hus = my new house

That same pattern appears in your sentence.

Because før de har min underskrift ... is a subordinate clause, and Danish word order changes in subordinate clauses.

In a main clause, Danish has verb-second order:

• De har min underskrift.

But in a subordinate clause introduced by før, når, at, fordi, etc., the subject usually comes before elements like negation, and the clause does not behave like a verb-second main clause.

In your example, the order is straightforward:

• før
  • de
    • har
      • min underskrift

That is normal subordinate-clause word order.

It can be understood as either, depending on how literally you want to translate it.

In this sentence, få means something like:

• get
• receive
• be issued

So Jeg får ikke mit nye kørekort ... means that the speaker will not receive / be given the new license before the conditions are met.

Få is a very common Danish verb with a broad range of meanings, including:

• get
• receive
• obtain
• sometimes part of other expressions

Here, get/receive is the natural sense.

Sometimes learners expect indtil because English uses until, but in Danish the pattern ikke ... før is extremely common and natural.

So:

• Jeg får ikke mit nye kørekort, før de har min underskrift ...

is idiomatic Danish.

You may see indtil in other contexts, but in sentences like this, ikke ... før is usually the most natural choice.

So for a learner, the safest thing is to remember:

• ikke ... før = not ... until