Flasken er tung, så min datter hjælper mig med at hælde vand i glassene.

Because -en is the definite article attached to the noun in Danish.

• en flaske = a bottle
• flasken = the bottle

Danish usually puts the at the end of the noun instead of using a separate word like English does.

The adjective form depends on the noun it describes.

Here, flasken means the bottle, and flaske is a common gender noun (en noun), so the basic adjective form is used:

• en tung flaske = a heavy bottle
• flasken er tung = the bottle is heavy

You often see -t on adjectives with neuter nouns:

• et tungt glas = a heavy glass

So tung is correct because flaske is not a neuter noun.

Here så means so, in the sense of therefore / as a result.

• Flasken er tung, så ... = The bottle is heavy, so ...

Be careful: så can also mean then or so in other contexts, but in this sentence it clearly means so / therefore.

Because when a noun has a possessive like min, din, hans, vores, etc., Danish normally uses the indefinite form of the noun.

So:

• min datter = my daughter
• not min datteren

Compare:

• datteren = the daughter
• min datter = my daughter

This is very common in Danish:

• min bil = my car
• hans hus = his house

This is because Danish is a V2 language in main clauses, which means the finite verb usually comes in the second position.

The sentence begins with:

• Flasken er tung

Then after the conjunction så, we get a new main clause:

• min datter hjælper mig ...

Here:

1. min datter = first element
2. hjælper = finite verb in second position

This is normal Danish main clause word order.

This is a very common Danish pattern:

• hjælpe nogen med at + infinitive

It means help someone to do something or help someone with doing something.

So:

• hjælper mig med at hælde vand = helps me pour water

Breakdown:

• hjælper = helps
• mig = me
• med at hælde = with pouring / to pour

You will often see med at before an infinitive after certain verbs and expressions.

In standard Danish, hjælpe nogen med at gøre noget is the most natural pattern here.

So this sentence is best as:

• hjælper mig med at hælde vand

You may sometimes meet other patterns in speech or older usage, but for a learner, hjælpe + person + med at + infinitive is the safest and most natural structure to use.

Because vand here is being used as a mass noun in a general sense: pour water.

• hælde vand = pour water
• hælde vandet = pour the water

If the speaker meant some specific water already known in the context, vandet could be used. But in this sentence, the general idea is simply pouring water into the glasses, so vand is natural.

Because glassene means the glasses.

Here is the pattern:

• et glas = a glass
• glasset = the glass
• glas = glasses (plural indefinite)
• glassene = the glasses (plural definite)

So:

• i glassene = into the glasses

The ending -ene is a common way to form the definite plural.

This is a spelling change that helps keep the pronunciation consistent.

• singular: glas
• plural definite: glassene

The extra s appears before the ending so the word keeps its normal sound pattern. Danish spelling often does this kind of thing when endings are added.

For a learner, the important thing is simply to recognize:

• glas = glass / glasses
• glassene = the glasses

Because with liquids being poured into a container, Danish normally uses i for in / into.

• hælde vand i glassene = pour water into the glasses

Using i is the natural choice because the water ends up inside the glasses.

Because mig is the object form of jeg.

• jeg = I
• mig = me

In this sentence, the daughter is helping me, so Danish uses the object pronoun:

• min datter hjælper mig = my daughter helps me

Compare:

• jeg hjælper = I help
• hun hjælper mig = she helps me

Yes. At hælde is the infinitive form, like to pour in English.

• hælde = pour
• at hælde = to pour

In Danish, at often marks the infinitive, just like to in English.

So in:

• med at hælde vand

the at hælde part means to pour / pouring depending on how you translate it naturally into English.

No. In Danish, those forms are normally different:

• datter = daughter
• datteren = the daughter

In this sentence, it is min datter, and possessives like min already make the noun specific, so Danish does not add the definite ending.

So:

• min datter = my daughter
• datteren = the daughter

Both are present tense.

• er = is / are
• hjælper = helps / is helping

Danish present tense is often used where English might use either:

• the simple present: helps
• or the present progressive: is helping

So min datter hjælper mig can naturally correspond to my daughter helps me or my daughter is helping me, depending on context.

A fairly literal breakdown is:

• Flasken = the bottle
• er = is
• tung = heavy
• så = so
• min datter = my daughter
• hjælper mig = helps me
• med at hælde = with to pour / with pouring
• vand = water
• i glassene = into the glasses

So a very literal version would be:

The bottle is heavy, so my daughter helps me with pouring water into the glasses.

Natural English would usually say:

The bottle is heavy, so my daughter helps me pour water into the glasses.