Fristen for kurset er på fredag, og læreren siger, at karakteren også afhænger af, om vi afleverer til tiden.

Both are possible in Danish, but fristen for kurset is often the more natural and neutral way to say the deadline for the course.

• fristen for kurset = literally the deadline for the course
• kursets frist = the course’s deadline

Danish often uses for-phrases where English might also use of or apostrophe structures. The possessive form kursets is grammatically correct, but it can sound a bit more formal or less common in everyday speech in a sentence like this.

På fredag means on Friday.

Danish uses på with days in this kind of expression:

• på mandag = on Monday
• på fredag = on Friday

So:

• Fristen ... er på fredag = The deadline ... is on Friday

This is just the normal preposition Danish uses here.

Because the sentence means the course, not a course.

• et kursus = a course
• kurset = the course

Danish usually adds the definite article to the end of the noun:

• kursus → kurset
• lærer → læreren
• karakter → karakteren

So for kurset means for the course.

Because this is a normal main clause with standard Danish word order:

• læreren = subject
• siger = verb

So:

• læreren siger = the teacher says

If you started with another element, then the verb would come before the subject because Danish is a V2 language in main clauses. For example:

• I dag siger læreren ... = Today the teacher says ...

Here, I dag takes first position, so siger comes second, before læreren.

But in your sentence, there is no fronted element in that clause, so the normal order is subject + verb.

At means that and introduces a subordinate clause.

• læreren siger, at ... = the teacher says that ...

In English, that is often optional:

• The teacher says the grade also depends ...

In Danish, at is very commonly used and usually sounds more natural here.

Because it means the grade, not just grade in a general sense.

• karakter = grade
• karakteren = the grade

In this sentence, it refers to a specific result or grade connected with the course, so the definite form is natural.

Også means also.

So:

• karakteren også afhænger af ... = the grade also depends on ...

Its position is important. In subordinate clauses, Danish adverbs like også, ikke, ofte, etc. usually come before the finite verb:

• at karakteren også afhænger ...

Compare that with a main clause:

• Karakteren afhænger også af ...

So the placement of også helps show the difference between main-clause and subordinate-clause word order.

The verb is at afhænge af, which means to depend on.

So you have to learn it as a fixed combination:

• afhænge af noget = depend on something

Examples:

• Det afhænger af vejret. = It depends on the weather.
• Karakteren afhænger af, om vi afleverer til tiden. = The grade depends on whether we hand it in on time.

Even though af also appears inside the verb afhænger, that does not replace the preposition. The full verb pattern is still afhænger af.

Here om means whether.

• afhænger af, om vi afleverer til tiden = depends on whether we hand it in on time

This is a very common use of om in Danish after verbs and expressions involving uncertainty, knowledge, or dependence.

Examples:

• Jeg ved ikke, om han kommer. = I don’t know whether he is coming.
• Det afhænger af, om det regner. = It depends on whether it rains.

So in this sentence, om does not mean about.

Because after at, you are in a subordinate clause, and Danish subordinate clauses usually place sentence adverbs before the finite verb.

So the pattern is:

• at + subject + adverb + verb

Here:

• at = that
• karakteren = subject
• også = adverb
• afhænger = verb

So:

• at karakteren også afhænger ...

In a main clause, the adverb often comes after the verb:

• Karakteren afhænger også af ...

This difference is one of the most important word-order patterns in Danish.

Danish often uses the present tense for future meaning when the context makes the time clear.

So:

• om vi afleverer til tiden literally looks like whether we hand in on time
• but in natural English it may mean whether we hand it in on time

Because the deadline is on Friday, the future meaning is already understood. Danish does this very often.

Examples:

• Vi ses i morgen. = We’ll see each other tomorrow.
• Han kommer på mandag. = He is coming on Monday.

At aflevere usually means to hand in, submit, or deliver, depending on context.

In a school or course context, it usually means submit or hand in an assignment.

So here:

• vi afleverer til tiden = we hand it in on time / we submit on time

Often the object is left understood if it is obvious from context, such as an assignment, essay, or project.

Til tiden means on time, meaning at the scheduled or required time.

So:

• afleverer til tiden = hand in on time

Danish also has i tide, which usually means in time in the sense of before it is too late.

Compare:

• Jeg kom til tiden. = I arrived on time.
• Jeg nåede toget i tide. = I caught the train in time.

In your sentence, til tiden is right because it is about meeting a deadline punctually.

Yes, in this context fristen means the deadline.

The basic noun is:

• en frist = a deadline / a time limit

So:

• fristen for kurset = the deadline for the course

Depending on context, frist can also mean a general time limit, not only an academic deadline. But here deadline is the most natural English meaning.

Yes. It has two main parts joined by og:

1. Fristen for kurset er på fredag

   • Fristen for kurset = the deadline for the course
   • er = is
   • på fredag = on Friday

2. og læreren siger, at karakteren også afhænger af, om vi afleverer til tiden

   • og = and
   • læreren siger = the teacher says
   • at karakteren også afhænger af ... = that the grade also depends on ...
   • om vi afleverer til tiden = whether we hand it in on time

So the sentence contains:

• one main clause
• another main clause after og
• a subordinate clause after at
• another subordinate clause after om

This is a very typical Danish sentence structure.