Barnet bruger viskelæderet så meget, at papiret næsten bliver helt gråt.

Because they are singular definite neuter nouns.

In Danish, the definite article is usually added to the end of the noun:

• et barn → barnet = the child
• et viskelæder → viskelæderet = the eraser
• et papir → papiret = the paper

If the noun were common gender instead of neuter, you would usually see -en instead.

Because meget is used here to mean a lot / so much about the action bruger.

• meget is used for amount, degree, or adverbial meaning
• mange is used with countable plural nouns

So:

• Barnet bruger viskelæderet meget = The child uses the eraser a lot
• Barnet har mange viskelædere = The child has many erasers

In this sentence, it is not counting erasers. It is describing how much the child uses it.

Så ... at is a very common Danish pattern meaning so ... that.

Here:

• så meget = so much
• at introduces the result clause = that

So the structure is:

Barnet bruger viskelæderet så meget, at ...
= The child uses the eraser so much that ...

You can use the same pattern with adjectives and adverbs too:

• så træt, at ... = so tired that ...
• så hurtigt, at ... = so quickly that ...

Because at papiret næsten bliver helt gråt is a subordinate clause, and many Danish writers put a comma before subordinate clauses.

This sentence uses that style.

In modern Danish, you may also see sentences written without that comma, depending on the comma system being used. So both of these may occur:

• så meget, at papiret ...
• så meget at papiret ...

As a learner, the important thing is to recognize that at introduces the result clause.

Because Danish word order changes in subordinate clauses.

After at, Danish normally places sentence adverbs such as næsten before the finite verb. So you get:

• at papiret næsten bliver helt gråt

Compare that with a main clause:

• Papiret bliver næsten helt gråt

So the basic contrast is:

• main clause: verb before næsten
• subordinate clause: næsten before the verb

That is a very important Danish word-order pattern.

Because bliver means becomes / gets, and the sentence describes a change of state.

• Papiret er gråt = The paper is gray
• Papiret bliver gråt = The paper becomes gray

Here the idea is that all the erasing makes the paper change color, so bliver is the natural choice.

Because the adjective agrees with the noun papiret, which is neuter singular.

The adjective grå has different forms:

• en noun: grå
• et noun: gråt
• plural / definite contexts: often grå

So:

• en bog er grå = a book is gray
• et papir er gråt = a paper is gray

Even after verbs like er and bliver, Danish adjectives still agree in this way.

Here helt means completely / entirely.

So:

• gråt = gray
• helt gråt = completely gray

Since the sentence also has næsten, the full meaning is:

• næsten helt gråt = almost completely gray

So helt strengthens the adjective, while næsten softens the whole result a little.

No. Danish verbs do not change for person in the present tense.

So you say:

• jeg bruger
• du bruger
• han bruger
• barnet bruger
• vi bruger

The verb form stays the same. That is much simpler than English.

Because Danish usually writes compound nouns as one word.

So viskelæder is a single noun, just like many other Danish compounds:

• sommerferie
• håndtaske
• soveværelse

This is very common in Danish, and English speakers often need time to get used to it, because English is less consistent about writing compounds as one word.