Na hodinky se dívám teď a vím, že do školy půjdu až později.

With dívat se (to look), Czech normally uses the pattern dívat se na + accusative.

So:

• dívám se na hodinky = I’m looking at the watch
• literally, it is more like I look myself on/at the watch, but in real Czech this is just the standard construction

You usually cannot drop na here.
Compare:

• Dívám se na film. = I’m watching a film.
• Dívám se na tebe. = I’m looking at you.

So na hodinky is simply the correct object after dívat se.

Here se is part of the verb dívat se. It does not literally mean myself in normal translation.

Many Czech verbs are reflexive in a way that does not match English. So you learn them as whole items:

• dívat se = to look
• bát se = to be afraid
• smát se = to laugh

So dívám se is just I am looking / I look.

If you leave out se, the verb changes or sounds wrong in this meaning.

Hodinky is one of those Czech nouns that is grammatically plural but often refers to a single object.

So:

• hodinky = a watch / wristwatch
• grammatically plural
• but semantically often one item

This is similar to English words like scissors or glasses, which are plural in form even when referring to one object.

That is why you get forms like:

• Ty hodinky jsou nové. = That watch is new.
  (literally the grammar is plural: those watches are new)

Also note the difference:

• hodinky = watch
• hodiny = clock or hours
• hodina = hour

Dívám se is present tense, and here it means I’m looking or I look now.

Because the sentence contains teď (now), the present tense is the natural choice:

• Na hodinky se dívám teď = I’m looking at the watch now

If you said jsem se díval, that would be past tense:

• Díval jsem se na hodinky. = I was looking / I looked at the watch

So dívám se fits the current action.

Yes, Teď se dívám na hodinky is also possible.

Czech word order is more flexible than English, and speakers often move parts around for emphasis, topic, or style.

These versions are all possible, with slightly different focus:

• Teď se dívám na hodinky. = neutral, often Now I’m looking at my watch
• Na hodinky se dívám teď. = puts more emphasis on na hodinky or on the timing teď
• Dívám se teď na hodinky. = also possible

In your sentence, Na hodinky se dívám teď can sound like:

• I’m looking at my watch now
• perhaps with an implied contrast: now I’m checking the time

So the word order is about emphasis, not a different basic meaning.

This is a very common Czech pattern:

• vím = I know
• že = that

So:

• vím, že půjdu = I know that I will go

Just like in English, že introduces a subordinate clause.

Examples:

• Vím, že máš pravdu. = I know that you’re right.
• Myslím, že přijde. = I think that he’ll come.

The comma before že is standard in Czech.

Because jít (to go on foot / to go) has an irregular future tense.

For many imperfective verbs, Czech makes the future with budu + infinitive:

• budu dělat = I will do
• budu číst = I will read

But some common motion verbs have their own future forms.
For jít, the future is:

• půjdu = I will go
• půjdeš
• půjde
• etc.

So:

• do školy půjdu = I will go to school

Budu jít is generally not the normal form here.

Yes. Půjdu is the future form of jít.

A quick set of forms:

• jít = infinitive, to go
• jdu = I go / I’m going
• půjdu = I will go

So these belong to the same verb.

This is one of those verbs where the stems change quite a lot:

• jdu
• šel / šla
• půjdu

That feels irregular to learners, but it is completely normal Czech.

Because the preposition do requires the genitive case.

So:

• dictionary form: škola
• after do: do školy

This is a very common pattern:

• do školy = to school
• do města = to the city
• do práce = to work
• do domu = into the house / home

So the ending changes because škola must be in the genitive after do.

Because do školy means movement to / into school as a destination.

• do školy = to school
• ke škole = toward / up to the school building
• na školu usually does not mean to school in this sense

So if the idea is I will go to school later, do školy is the natural expression.

Compare:

• Jdu do školy. = I’m going to school.
• Jdu ke škole. = I’m going toward the school / up to the school building.

In this sentence, až později means something like:

• only later
• not until later
• later on

The word až often adds the idea of a limit, delay, or only then.

So:

• půjdu až později = I’ll go only later / I won’t go until later

Without až, půjdu později would still mean I’ll go later, but až makes the postponement more explicit.

Other examples:

• Přijdu až večer. = I’ll come only in the evening / not until evening.
• Udělám to až zítra. = I’ll do it only tomorrow / not until tomorrow.

Because později means later, while pozdě means late.

Compare:

• Je pozdě. = It’s late.
• Přijdu pozdě. = I’ll arrive late.
• Přijdu později. = I’ll come later.

So in your sentence, the idea is not I will go late, but rather I will go later. That is why později is the right form.

Yes. Teď is quite movable.

Possible versions:

• Na hodinky se dívám teď...
• Teď se dívám na hodinky...
• Dívám se teď na hodinky...

They all mean roughly the same thing, but the focus changes a bit.

• sentence-initial Teď often sounds the most neutral
• final teď can sound contrastive, like right now

So the original placement is natural, but not the only possible one.

Yes: it matches the time logic of the sentence.

• Na hodinky se dívám teď = action happening now
• do školy půjdu až později = action happening later in the future

So the speaker is saying:

1. I’m checking the time now
2. I know that I’ll go to school only later

This contrast between teď and až později is an important part of the sentence.

Usually yes, in context.

Czech often leaves possession unstated when it is obvious. So:

• dívám se na hodinky can naturally mean I’m looking at my watch

If you wanted to be explicit, you could say:

• dívám se na svoje hodinky = I’m looking at my watch

But Czech often prefers the shorter version when the owner is obvious from context.