Learn Hardcore Czech: Naše vesnice je malá, ale má krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici v centru. - Our village is small, but it has a beautiful park and the most beautiful street in the centre.

Vesnice is a feminine noun (you say ta vesnice – “that village”).
The possessive for our in the feminine singular nominative is naše, not náš.

Forms of “our” in the nominative singular:

náš – masculine (both animate and inanimate): náš dům (our house)
naše – feminine: naše vesnice (our village)
naše – neuter: naše město (our town)

So Náš vesnice is grammatically wrong, because náš is masculine, but vesnice is feminine.

Why does malá end with -á here? Why not malý?

The adjective malý (“small”) must agree with the noun vesnice in gender, number, and case.

Vesnice is feminine, singular, nominative.
The adjective malý in feminine singular nominative is malá.

Nominative singular forms of malý:

masculine: malý dům
feminine: malá vesnice
neuter: malé město

So you say Naše vesnice je malá, not malý, because vesnice is feminine.

Why is it just je malá, and not je to malá or something similar?

In this sentence, Naše vesnice is the clear subject, so you use the verb být (to be) directly:

Naše vesnice je malá. – Our village is small.

You would normally use je to + noun/adjective when:

You identify or comment on something more generally:
- To je malá vesnice. – That is a small village.
- Je to malé. – It is small (speaking about something previously mentioned as to).

Here, because the subject Naše vesnice is explicitly mentioned, je malá is the natural and correct form.

Why do we use má (“has”) here instead of saying something like je tam krásný park (“there is a beautiful park”)?

Czech has two common ways to express that something exists or is present:

Possessive structure – mít (to have)
- Naše vesnice má krásný park.
  Literally: Our village has a beautiful park.
  Focus: what the village possesses.
Existential structure – být (to be)
- V naší vesnici je krásný park.
  Literally: In our village there is a beautiful park.
  Focus: there exists a park in the village.

Your sentence:

Naše vesnice je malá, ale má krásný park...
contrasts a negative trait (small) with a positive thing it has (a park, a beautiful street). Using má keeps the focus on what belongs to or is found in the village as one unit.

You could rephrase it with je:

Naše vesnice je malá, ale je v ní krásný park a nejkrásnější ulice v centru.

This is also correct, but stylistically a bit heavier; the original version is shorter and more natural.

Why is it krásný park and not krásné park or krásným parkem?

We need to look at both gender and case:

Gender
- park is masculine inanimate (ten park).
- The basic (nominative singular) form of the adjective for masculine is krásný:
  - krásný park – a beautiful park
Case
After the verb mít (“to have”), the object is in the accusative:
- mít + accusative: má krásný park

For masculine inanimate nouns:

nominative = accusative (same form)
- N: ten park je krásný.
- A: mám ten park / krásný park.

So:

krásný park – correct (accusative masculine inanimate)
krásné park – wrong adjective ending for masculine singular
krásným parkem – instrumental case (“with a beautiful park”), which does not fit after má here.

Why does park stay the same after má? Is it really in the accusative case?

Yes, park is in the accusative as the direct object of má, but for masculine inanimate nouns the nominative and accusative forms are identical.

For park:

Nominative sg (subject):
- Park je krásný. – The park is beautiful.
Accusative sg (object):
- Má krásný park. – It has a beautiful park.

The case is shown mainly:

by the role in the sentence (subject vs object), and
by the adjective endings and surrounding grammar, not by a change in the noun itself.

So although park looks the same, it is grammatically accusative here.

Why is it nejkrásnější ulici and not something like nejkrásná ulice?

Two things are happening here:

Superlative form
- The base adjective: krásný – beautiful
- Comparative: krásnější – more beautiful
- Superlative: nejkrásnější – most beautiful
You form the superlative by adding nej- to the comparative:
krásnější → nejkrásnější.
Case and agreement
- ulice is feminine
- In this sentence, nejkrásnější ulici is also a direct object of má, so it's in the accusative.

For adjectives like nejkrásnější, the feminine nominative and accusative have the same form: nejkrásnější.

So:

Nominative:
- Ta nejkrásnější ulice je v centru. – The most beautiful street is in the centre.
Accusative:
- Má nejkrásnější ulici v centru. – It has the most beautiful street in the centre.

Nejkrásná ulice is simply not a correct form; nej- attaches to the comparative (krásnější), not to the positive form (krásný).

Why does ulice change to ulici in this sentence?

Because ulici is the accusative singular of ulice (a feminine noun).

Declension of ulice (simplified, singular):

Nominative: ulice – ta ulice (the street)
Genitive: ulice – (bez) ulice
Dative: ulici – (k) ulici
Accusative: ulici – (vidím) ulici
Locative: ulici – (o) ulici
Instrumental: ulicí – (s) ulicí

After má, we use the accusative because ulici is the direct object:

Má nejkrásnější ulici. – It has the most beautiful street.

That’s why ulice becomes ulici here.

How exactly is the superlative nejkrásnější formed from krásný? Is there a word like English “most”?

Czech usually forms comparatives and superlatives by changing the adjective itself, not by adding a separate word like English more / most.

For krásný:

Positive: krásný – beautiful
Comparative: krásnější – more beautiful
Superlative: nejkrásnější – most beautiful

Pattern:

Form the comparative: krásný → krásnější
Add nej- to the comparative: nej + krásnější → nejkrásnější

You can sometimes use nejvíc (= the most) with adjectives, but here the normal, natural form is the built-in superlative nejkrásnější, not nejvíc krásný.

Why is there a comma before ale in Naše vesnice je malá, ale má krásný park...?

Because ale joins two independent clauses (each with its own subject–verb structure):

Naše vesnice je malá – subject: Naše vesnice, verb: je
(Naše vesnice) má krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici v centru – subject understood from context, verb: má

In Czech punctuation:

When ale connects two full clauses, you normally put a comma before it:
- Je malá, ale má krásný park.

If ale connects only smaller parts (e.g. adjectives or nouns without a new clause), you usually don’t use a comma:

Je malá ale krásná. – less common; most style guides still prefer a comma here because they’re full predicates, but with simple phrases like malá, ale krásná the comma can sometimes be omitted in informal writing.

In your sentence, they are clearly full clauses, so the comma is standard and correct.

Could I move v centru earlier in the sentence? Would that change the meaning?

Yes, Czech word order is relatively flexible, and v centru can move. For example:

Naše vesnice je malá, ale v centru má krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici.
Naše vesnice je malá, ale má v centru krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici.

All of these are grammatically correct and keep basically the same literal meaning. The differences are in emphasis:

...má krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici v centru.
- Neutral, emphasizes what it has; v centru just adds detail to ulici.
...v centru má krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici.
- Slightly stronger emphasis on where it has them: In the center, it has...
...má v centru krásný park a nejkrásnější ulici.
- Places focus on v centru as the location of both the park and the street.

Context and intonation decide which nuance feels most natural.

Why do we say v centru and not na centru?

The choice of v vs na is largely lexical and idiomatic—you simply have to learn which preposition goes with which nouns.

v centru – literally “in the centre” (inside the central area of a town/city)
na is used with other kinds of locations:
- na náměstí – on the square
- na ulici – in the street / on the street
- na zastávce – at the bus stop

With centrum (city centre, town centre), the natural, standard phrase is:

v centru (města) – in the (city) centre

Na centru is not used in this sense.

What case is v centru, and why does centrum change to centru?

The preposition v meaning “in” normally requires the locative case when talking about location.

The noun centrum is neuter: to centrum (the centre).
Its locative singular is v centru.

Singular of centrum (simplified):

Nominative: centrum – to centrum
Genitive: centra
Dative: centru
Accusative: centrum
Locative: centru – v centru (in the centre)
Instrumental: centrem

So v centru is locative singular, required by the preposition v in the sense of static location (“in/inside the centre”).