La meva germana ha vist un insecte verd sobre una fulla i no el vol tocar.

In Catalan, it is very common to use the definite article with possessive adjectives: el meu llibre, la meva mare, els nostres amics.

So la meva germana is the normal standard way to say my sister.

This is different from English, where you usually say just my sister without the.

The possessive adjective has to agree with the noun it describes.

• germà = brother → masculine singular → el meu germà
• germana = sister → feminine singular → la meva germana

So meva is used because germana is feminine singular.

Ha vist is the present perfect of veure (to see).

It is made with:

• ha = third-person singular of haver
• vist = past participle of veure

So:

• ha vist = has seen / saw

In Catalan, this tense is very common for talking about a past action that is relevant now. In many contexts, English would simply use the simple past, but Catalan often uses ha vist naturally.

Yes, depending on dialect and context, va veure could also be possible.

• ha vist = present perfect
• va veure = periphrastic past, another very common past tense in Catalan

Very roughly:

• ha vist can suggest a past action with present relevance
• va veure often sounds more like a completed past event

In real usage, the choice depends a lot on region and style. The important thing for a learner is that ha vist is completely normal here.

Because vist is the past participle of the verb, and in modern Catalan it normally does not agree with the subject.

So even though germana is feminine, you still say:

• La meva germana ha vist
• El meu germà ha vist

The participle stays vist.

In Catalan, adjectives often come after the noun.

So:

• un insecte verd = a green insect
• una fulla verda = a green leaf

This is one of the most common word orders in Catalan. Some adjectives can come before the noun, but color adjectives like verd usually come after it.

Also, verd agrees with insecte, which is masculine singular.

Because insecte is masculine singular.

The adjective must agree with the noun:

• un insecte verd → masculine singular
• una fulla verda → feminine singular

So the sentence has:

• insecte → masculine
• therefore verd

If the insect were replaced by fulla, then you would use verda.

Vol is the third-person singular present of the verb voler (to want).

So:

• jo vull = I want
• tu vols = you want
• ell/ella vol = he/she wants

Here the subject is la meva germana, so the verb must be vol.

El is a direct object pronoun meaning him/it.

It refers back to un insecte verd. Since insecte is masculine singular, the pronoun is el.

So:

• un insecte → el
• una fulla → la

That is why the sentence says no el vol tocar = she doesn’t want to touch it.

If it referred to fulla, it would be no la vol tocar.

Catalan allows both patterns with a conjugated verb plus an infinitive:

• no el vol tocar
• no vol tocar-lo

Both can mean she doesn’t want to touch it.

In this sentence, the pronoun is placed before the conjugated verb vol, which is very common and fully correct.

So you should recognize both patterns:

• el vol tocar
• vol tocar-lo

The basic order here is:

no + object pronoun + conjugated verb + infinitive

So:

• no = not
• el = it
• vol = wants
• tocar = to touch

This gives:

no el vol tocar = she doesn’t want to touch it

That word order is very typical in Catalan.

Grammatically, you might sometimes hear omission in very informal or highly contextual speech, but in a sentence like this, el is the normal and clear choice.

Catalan usually likes to repeat the direct object with a pronoun when referring back to something already mentioned:

• ha vist un insecte... i no el vol tocar

Without el, the sentence would sound less complete and could feel less natural.

Sobre is a preposition meaning on, upon, or over.

So sobre una fulla means the insect is on a leaf.

Catalan has a few ways to express this idea, such as:

• sobre una fulla
• damunt d’una fulla
• a sobre d’una fulla

In many contexts, they are close in meaning, though some can sound more literal or more emphatic about physical position. In this sentence, sobre una fulla is a perfectly natural choice.