Die veearts weeg en ent die hond in.

Die means the. Afrikaans uses die as the definite article for singular and plural nouns, and it does not change for gender. So:

• die veearts = the vet
• die hond = the dog

It appears twice because both nouns are definite.

Veearts is the normal Afrikaans word for a veterinarian or vet. It is a single compound noun:

• vee = livestock/cattle
• arts = doctor/physician

So literally it is something like animal doctor, but idiomatically it simply means vet.

Weeg is the present-tense form, and Afrikaans verbs usually do not change according to the subject.

So you get:

• ek weeg
• jy weeg
• die veearts weeg
• hulle weeg

Unlike English, there is no extra -s for he/she/it in the present tense.

It is in the simple present. In Afrikaans, the simple present can describe:

• something happening now
• a routine action
• a general statement

So Die veearts weeg en ent die hond in is a normal present-tense sentence.

Yes. Die hond is the object of both actions. The sentence means that the vet both:

• weighs the dog
• vaccinates/inoculates the dog

Afrikaans, like English, can let two coordinated verbs share the same object instead of repeating it.

Because repetition is unnecessary when both verbs clearly refer to the same object. The sentence could be made more explicit, but the given version is more natural and less repetitive.

A more expanded version would be something like:

Die veearts weeg die hond en ent die hond in.

That is grammatical, but less elegant.

Because the full verb is inent, meaning to vaccinate / inoculate. This is a separable verb in Afrikaans.

In a main clause, the verb can split:

• Die veearts ent die hond in.

Here:

• ent appears earlier in the sentence
• in moves to the end

This is very common with separable verbs.

Compare:

• main clause: Die veearts ent die hond in.
• subordinate clause: ... dat die veearts die hond inent
• infinitive: ... om die hond in te ent

No. Here in is not the preposition in meaning location. It is the verbal particle that belongs to inent.

So ent ... in should be understood together as one verb meaning vaccinate/inoculate, not as inject inside or anything like that.

For this meaning, it is best to learn inent as the verb. In the sentence, you are seeing it split by normal Afrikaans word order:

• dictionary form: inent
• main-clause form: ent ... in

So if your goal is to say vaccinate, learn the pair together.

Afrikaans main clauses normally place the verb very early in the sentence, typically right after the first element. Here the first element is the subject Die veearts, so weeg comes next.

Then the second action is joined with en:

• Die veearts weeg en ent ...

Finally, because inent is separable, its particle in appears at the end:

• Die veearts weeg en ent die hond in.

So the sentence combines two patterns:

• normal main-clause verb order
• separable-verb splitting

Yes, if the context is clear. For example:

Die veearts weeg en ent hom in.

That means The vet weighs and vaccinates him/it. But if there is any chance of confusion, using die hond is clearer.