Sy kwalifiseer vir die posisie.

A word-for-word breakdown is:

• Sy = she
• kwalifiseer = qualifies
• vir = for
• die posisie = the position

So the structure is very close to English: She qualifies for the position.

No. sy can also mean his in other sentences.

How you tell the difference:

• As a subject pronoun before a verb, it means she:
  Sy kwalifiseer vir die posisie.
• As a possessive before a noun, it means his:
  sy boek = his book

In your sentence, Sy clearly means she because it is the subject of the verb kwalifiseer.

It is capitalized only because it is the first word of the sentence.

Afrikaans does not capitalize pronouns for politeness or gender. So in the middle of a sentence, it would normally be sy.

No. In Afrikaans, verbs usually do not change form the way they do in English.

So you get:

• Ek kwalifiseer
• Jy kwalifiseer
• Sy kwalifiseer
• Ons kwalifiseer
• Hulle kwalifiseer

That is much simpler than English I qualify / she qualifies.

Afrikaans usually expresses the simple present with just the verb itself.

So:

• Sy kwalifiseer = She qualifies

Afrikaans does not use English-style do/does support in normal statements, and it also does not use the continuous tense in the same way English does. Context usually tells you whether the meaning is general, current, or ongoing.

Because kwalifiseer normally goes with vir when you say what someone qualifies for.

So:

• kwalifiseer vir die posisie = qualify for the position
• kwalifiseer vir toelating = qualify for admission
• kwalifiseer vir die finaal = qualify for the final

This is very similar to English, where you also say qualify for.

Because Afrikaans uses die as the definite article for the.

A useful thing for English speakers: Afrikaans articles do not change for gender the way they do in some other languages.

So:

• die posisie = the position
• die man = the man
• die vrou = the woman

If you wanted a position, you would say 'n posisie.

Yes. This is a standard main-clause word order in Afrikaans:

Subject + verb + rest

So:

• Sy = subject
• kwalifiseer = verb
• vir die posisie = prepositional phrase

The sentence is very straightforward.

A useful extra point: in a subordinate clause, the verb usually moves to the end:

• Ek dink dat sy vir die posisie kwalifiseer.
  = I think that she qualifies for the position.

Yes. It is a borrowed or adapted word, and its spelling has been made more Afrikaans-like.

A few things to notice:

• kw often corresponds to English qu
• -iseer is a common Afrikaans ending in verbs of this type

So even if it looks unfamiliar at first, it is closely related to English qualify.

A rough English-friendly guide is:

Sy ≈ say
kwalifiseer ≈ kvah-li-fi-SEER
vir ≈ fer or fur
die ≈ dee
posisie ≈ po-si-SEE

So the whole sentence is roughly:

say kvah-li-fi-SEER fer dee po-si-SEE

One very important point: die in Afrikaans is pronounced dee, not like the English word die.

It can mean different kinds of position, depending on context.

In this sentence, die posisie most naturally means:

• a job position
• a post
• a role

So here it is not likely to mean a physical location or body position.

They are close in meaning, but not identical.

• Sy kwalifiseer vir die posisie
  = She qualifies for the position / She is eligible for the position
• Sy is gekwalifiseer vir die posisie
  = She is qualified for the position

The first focuses more on meeting the requirements or qualifying.
The second focuses more on her state or credentials.