Ons sien die vingerafdruk met die vergrootglas.

Yes. In this sentence, die means the in both places:

• die vingerafdruk = the fingerprint
• die vergrootglas = the magnifying glass

A key thing to remember is that Afrikaans uses die as the definite article for:

• singular nouns
• plural nouns
• all genders

So unlike languages such as German or Dutch, Afrikaans does not change the based on gender.

Because Afrikaans, like Dutch and German, very often makes compound nouns by joining words together.

So:

• vinger = finger
• afdruk = print / impression

Together:

• vingerafdruk = fingerprint

This is very normal in Afrikaans. English sometimes writes similar ideas as one word, two words, or hyphenated words, but Afrikaans usually prefers a single compound word.

Because Afrikaans verbs usually do not change according to the subject in the present tense.

So you get:

• ek sien = I see
• jy sien = you see
• ons sien = we see
• hulle sien = they see

This is much simpler than English, where you have I see but he sees. In Afrikaans, the verb normally stays the same.

Ons can mean both we and us, depending on the sentence.

In this sentence:

• Ons sien ... = We see ...

Here ons is the subject, so it means we.

In another sentence, it could mean us, for example:

• Hulle sien ons. = They see us.

So Afrikaans often uses the same form where English distinguishes we and us.

It means with the magnifying glass.

Here met is the preposition with.

In this sentence, met die vergrootglas most naturally describes the instrument used to see the fingerprint:

• We see the fingerprint with the magnifying glass.

So it usually means using the magnifying glass.

Technically, the structure could create a little ambiguity, just as in English.

• Ons sien die vingerafdruk met die vergrootglas.

The most natural meaning is:

• We see the fingerprint by using the magnifying glass.

But because met die vergrootglas comes after die vingerafdruk, a learner might briefly wonder whether it is attached to fingerprint instead.

In normal usage, context usually makes the intended meaning clear. If needed, Afrikaans speakers can rephrase for clarity.

This is a normal main-clause word order in Afrikaans:

• Ons = subject
• sien = verb
• die vingerafdruk = object
• met die vergrootglas = prepositional phrase

So the pattern is basically:

Subject + Verb + Object + extra information

That is very similar to ordinary English word order in a simple statement.

Yes, it can, depending on emphasis.

For example, you may also see:

• Ons sien met die vergrootglas die vingerafdruk.

But that sounds more marked or stylistically different. The version you were given is the most straightforward and natural for a beginner.

Afrikaans does allow some movement of phrases, but the basic sentence you have is simple and standard.

Because die means the, while 'n means a/an.

So:

• die vergrootglas = the magnifying glass
• 'n vergrootglas = a magnifying glass

Your sentence refers to a specific magnifying glass, not just any one.

A rough guide for an English speaker:

• vingerafdruk ≈ FING-er-af-druk
• vergrootglas ≈ fer-GROHT-glahs

A few helpful notes:

• v in Afrikaans is often pronounced more like an English f
• g is usually a throaty sound, not the English g in go
• oo in groot is like a long o
• a in glas sounds more like ah than the English a in glass

Exact pronunciation varies a bit by speaker and accent, but those approximations will help.

Yes. Ons sien die vingerafdruk met die vergrootglas is in the present tense.

It means something like:

• We see the fingerprint with the magnifying glass
• or, depending on context, We are seeing the fingerprint with the magnifying glass

Afrikaans often uses the simple present where English might use either see or are seeing. Context tells you which is intended.