Elle est de mauvaise humeur, par conséquent elle a annulé la réunion.

Questions & Answers about Elle est de mauvaise humeur, par conséquent elle a annulé la réunion.

How can I express this same idea using the mixed conditional structure from this lesson?
By turning it into a hypothetical scenario: "If she weren't in a bad mood (present state), she wouldn't have canceled the meeting (past result)." You use the imperfect for the si clause and the past conditional for the result: Si elle n'était pas de mauvaise humeur, elle n'aurait pas annulé la réunion.
Why is there no article like une in de mauvaise humeur?
The phrase être de bonne humeur (to be in a good mood) or être de mauvaise humeur (to be in a bad mood) is a fixed expression in French. It always uses the preposition de directly before the adjective, without needing an indefinite article.
Could I just use donc instead of par conséquent here?
Yes, both mean "therefore" or "so", and donc is much more common in everyday speech. Par conséquent (consequently / as a result) is a bit more formal and emphasizes the direct logical link between her current state of mind and her past action.

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