Word
او از اینکه شما نامه را خواندهاید تعجب میکند.
Meaning
She is surprised that you have read the letter.
Part of speech
sentence
Pronunciation
Course
Breakdown of او از اینکه شما نامه را خواندهاید تعجب میکند.
او
he/she
شما
you (plural)
ازaz
from
خواندنkhândan
to read / to study (a subject)
Questions & Answers about او از اینکه شما نامه را خواندهاید تعجب میکند.
Why do we use از اینکه (az in-ke) instead of just که (ke) for "that"?
The compound verb تعجب کردن (to be surprised) requires the preposition از (from) to introduce what causes the surprise. In Farsi, you cannot attach a preposition directly to a full clause starting with که. You must put a placeholder pronoun این (this) after the preposition. So, literally, the sentence says "She is surprised from this, that you have read the letter."
Why is the verb خواندهاید (have read) in the indicative tense rather than the subjunctive?
After phrases like از اینکه (because of the fact that / at the fact that), the verb in the following clause stays in the indicative if it states a real, established fact. Because her surprise is caused by something you actually did (reading the letter), Farsi uses the real-world tense (Present Perfect Indicative) rather than the subjunctive.
How is the verb خواندهاید (khande-id) formed?
It is the Present Perfect tense, used for "have read". It is formed by taking the past stem of خواندن (to read), which is خواند, adding ه to make the past participle (خوانده), and attaching the personal endings for the verb "to be" (in this case, اید for "you").
In English we say "is surprised", but the Farsi verb uses میکند (does). Why?
تعجب کردن is an active compound verb that literally means "to do surprise" or "to wonder". While English often uses the verb "to be" plus an adjective (is surprised), Farsi treats experiencing surprise as an active state. Therefore, it takes the present tense of (to do) as its auxiliary verb.