Prepositional clauses (in ke)

Prepositions with Clauses

Many Farsi verbs and adjectives are paired with specific prepositions, such as به (to/at), از (from/of), در (in), or روی (on).

When the object of that preposition is a simple noun, it directly follows the preposition. However, when you want to follow the preposition with an entire clause (a full sentence with its own conjugated verb), you cannot attach it directly. You must bridge them using این که (or its connected form اینکه).

You can think of این که as translating to "the fact that."

Pushing for an Action (Subjunctive)

If your main verb expresses a demand or pushes for an action to happen, the verb in the following اینکه clause must be in the subjunctive mood (or use a modal like باید which triggers the subjunctive).

For example, اصرار کردن (to insist) takes the preposition به:

Reacting to Facts (Indicative)

If the main verb or adjective describes a reaction to a reality or states a factual observation, the following clause simply uses the normal indicative mood.

Words expressing awareness (آگاه) take the preposition از:

Similarly, expressing doubt (تردید) requires the preposition در:

Expressing pride (افتخار کردن) uses به:

And showing surprise (تعجب کردن) takes از:

Using روی (On)

This pattern works exactly the same way for verbs that require the preposition روی (on). For example, پافشاری کردن (to stand firm / to persist) requires روی. Because it pushes for a desired action, the connected clause will use the subjunctive mood.