Breakdown of قبل از اینکه گیاه بکارید، باید یک لایهی سنگریزه بگذارید.
یکyek
one / a, an
ازaz
from
گذاشتنgozâshtan
to put
بایدbâyad
must
کاشتنkâshtan
to plant
گیاهgiyâh
plant
قبلghabl
ago, earlier
سنگریزهsang-rize
pebble / gravel
لایهlâye
layer
قبل از اینکهghabl az inke
before (+ subjunctive)
Questions & Answers about قبل از اینکه گیاه بکارید، باید یک لایهی سنگریزه بگذارید.
How does az inke work in the phrase ghabl az inke?
The preposition az needs a noun object. When we want to follow ghabl az (before) with a full verb clause instead of a simple noun, we use inke (this that) as a bridge. It turns the entire following clause into a noun-like object. So literally, you are saying "before from the fact that you plant."
Why is the verb bekarid (you plant) in the subjunctive mood?
Time-related conjunctions formed with inke, such as ghabl az inke (before), require the following verb to be in the subjunctive mood because the action is anticipated and hasn't happened yet. That's why we use the subjunctive prefix be- on the present stem.
Why is there a -ye sound at the end of laye in laye-ye sang-rize?
This is the ezāfe connecting "layer" to "pebbles" to mean "a layer of pebbles". Because the word laye ends in a silent 'h' (ه) which makes an 'e' sound, the ezāfe is pronounced as -ye and is written here with the extra letter ی (as seen in لایهی).
Why does the second verb, bogzarid (you put), also use the subjunctive be- prefix?
The modal verb bayad (must/should) always forces the main verb of its clause into the subjunctive mood. Even though it's the main action of the sentence, "you must put" translates to bayad... bogzarid, using the subjunctive form of gozashtan (to put).
How does the word sang-rize mean "pebbles"?
It is a compound noun made of sang (stone) and rize (a tiny piece or fragment). Notice that even though the English translation says "pebbles" (plural), Farsi often uses the singular or collective form of a noun for general categories like gravel.
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