Adjective complement clauses (az inke)

Setting Up the Ecosystem

In this lesson, we will explore the vocabulary and grammar needed to talk about building and maintaining the miniature ecosystem (اکوسیستم) of an indoor terrarium (تراریوم).

Adjective Complement Clauses with از اینکه

In English, when you express an emotion or reaction to an event, you often use a "that" clause (e.g., "I am happy that it rained"). Farsi connects these emotion-based adjectives to the event clause using از اینکه (literally "from this that").

Because Farsi typically places the main verb at the end of the sentence, this structure usually looks like this: [Subject] + از اینکه + [Event Clause] + [Emotion Adjective] + [Copula Verb]

If your reaction is to a completed or ongoing fact, the verb in the event clause takes the regular indicative mood.

However, if you are expressing anxiety or fear about a potential future event, the verb inside the event clause takes the subjunctive mood.

Expressing Surprise and Relief

You can use this exact same structure with any adjective describing a mental state or emotional reaction, such as being surprised (شگفت‌زده) or relieved (آسوده).

When the event clause contains a negative verb, از اینکه naturally expresses relief or surprise that something bad didn't happen, such as a plant rotting or the soil molding (کپک زدن).