Breakdown of او بدون اینکه خودش را بیدار کند، خروپف میکند.
او
he/she
راrâ
definite direct object marker
بیدار کردنbidâr kardan
to wake up (someone)
خودkhod
self
Questions & Answers about او بدون اینکه خودش را بیدار کند، خروپف میکند.
Why is the verb bidār konad in the subjunctive instead of the normal present tense?
The phrase bedun-e inke literally means "without this that". It is a conjunction of negative manner, which always requires the verb inside its clause to be in the present subjunctive. That is why we drop the mi- prefix and use konad instead of the indicative mikonad.
Could I use bidār shavad instead of bidār konad here?
No, because the sentence has a direct object (khodesh rā). The compound verb bidār kardan means to wake someone or oneself up (transitive). If you used bidār shodan (to become awake), it could not take a direct object. To use that, you would have to drop "himself" and simply say bedun-e inke bidār shavad (without waking up).
How exactly does khodesh rā work in this sentence?
khodesh is a reflexive pronoun made of khod (self) plus the third-person singular suffix -esh (his/her). Because "himself" is the specific, definite direct object receiving the action of the waking, it must be immediately followed by the direct object marker rā.
Why is khoropof mikonad in the indicative while the other verb is in the subjunctive?
The sentence has two separate clauses. The main action is a factual, real statement ("He snores"), so khoropof mikonad stays in the normal present indicative. The subjunctive is only triggered inside the dependent clause right after , because that part describes the manner of the action rather than stating a main fact.