Breakdown of ویزای شما نامعتبر است و باید برگردید.
است
is
شما
you (plural)
و
and
بایدbâyad
must
برگشتنbargashtan
to return
ویزاviza
visa
نامعتبرnâmo'tabar
invalid
Questions & Answers about ویزای شما نامعتبر است و باید برگردید.
How is the word nâ-mo'tabar formed in this sentence?
It is formed by adding the negative prefix nâ- to the adjective mo'tabar (valid, reliable). In Farsi, nâ- is a very common way to create a negative adjective, functioning just like the prefix "in-" in the English word "invalid".
Can I attach nâ- to any adjective to make it negative?
Not always. Just like in English where we say "incorrect" rather than "uncorrect", Farsi adjectives take specific negative prefixes. While nâ- is very productive, some words use bi- (meaning "without", like bi-kâr for unemployed) or gheyre- (like gheyre-momken for impossible). You simply have to learn which adjectives naturally pair with nâ-.
Why does vizâ have a ی (y) attached to it before shomâ?
The Farsi word for visa is vizâ, which ends in the long vowel "â". When we want to link it to the pronoun to say "your visa" (vizâ-ye shomâ), we need the connecting vowel called the ezâfe. Because vizâ ends in a long vowel, we must add the consonant ی (y) as a bridge to make it easy to pronounce.
The word bâyad (must) requires the subjunctive, so why doesn't the verb bar-gardid have the subjunctive be- prefix?
You are completely right that bâyad triggers the subjunctive! However, the infinitive here is bar-gashtan (to return), which is a compound verb beginning with the directional prefix bar-. In Farsi, verbs that already start with prefixes like bar-, dar-, or var- almost always drop the subjunctive be- prefix. So, it simply becomes bar-gardid instead of "be-bar-gardid".
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