Breakdown of آنها به جای اینکه پول شرکت را هدر دهند، کارمند جدید استخدام میکنند.
کارمند
employee
آنها
they
جدیدjadid
new
پولpul
money
شرکتsherkat
company
راrâ
definite direct object marker
استخدام کردنestekhdâm kardan
to hire
به جای اینکهbe jâ-ye in-ke
instead of (+ clause)
هدر دادنhadar dâdan
to waste
Questions & Answers about آنها به جای اینکه پول شرکت را هدر دهند، کارمند جدید استخدام میکنند.
Why do we use هدر دهند instead of هدر میدهند here?
The phrase به جای اینکه (instead of) triggers the present subjunctive mood for the verb that follows it. It introduces an alternative action that isn't actually happening. Because of this, the compound verb هدر دادن (to waste) drops the indicative می prefix and takes the subjunctive form هدر دهند.
Where is the usual subjunctive بـ (be-) prefix on هدر دهند?
For compound verbs made with دادن (to give), such as هدر دادن (to waste), the subjunctive بـ prefix is optional and very often dropped. Saying هدر بدهند is also perfectly correct, but هدر دهند is very common and natural in this context.
Why is استخدام میکنند in the present indicative, while هدر دهند is in the subjunctive?
The subjunctive is only triggered by به جای اینکه for the action being replaced or avoided (wasting money). The second part of the sentence (استخدام میکنند) states the actual fact of what they are doing, so it stays in the normal present indicative mood.
Why is the object marker را attached to پول شرکت but not to کارمند جدید?
The word را marks a definite (specific) direct object. پول شرکت (the company's money) is a specific noun phrase, so it needs را. On the other hand, کارمند جدید is indefinite and general here because they are just hiring general new employees, not specific people we already know about.
The English translation says 'new employees', so why is کارمند جدید singular in the Farsi sentence?
In Farsi, when talking about a general category or concept rather than specific individuals, the singular form is often used. کارمند جدید استخدام میکنند focuses on the action of 'new-employee hiring' as a general concept, which translates most naturally to the plural 'new employees' in English.
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