Breakdown of پیک تازه مرسوله را بدون معطلی تحویل داده است.
راrâ
definite direct object marker
بدونbedun-e
without
تحویل دادنtahvil dâdan
to deliver
پیکpeyk
messenger
Questions & Answers about پیک تازه مرسوله را بدون معطلی تحویل داده است.
How do tâze and the verb work together to mean "has just delivered"?
The adverb tâze means "just" or "freshly." In Farsi, to express that an action happened in the immediate past, you pair tâze with the Present Perfect tense. Here, tâze combines with tahvil dâde ast (has delivered) to signify that the delivery was completed only a moment ago.
How exactly is the Present Perfect verb tahvil dâde ast built?
It comes from the compound verb tahvil dâdan (to deliver). You make the Present Perfect by taking the past participle of the light verb, which is dâde (given), and adding the present tense of the verb "to be" for the third person singular, which is ast (is). Together with the noun tahvil, it forms "has delivered."
Could I put tâze right next to the verb at the end of the sentence instead?
While adverbs of time are somewhat flexible, Farsi strongly prefers placing time adverbs like tâze early in the sentence, usually right after the subject. Putting it directly before the verb here sounds less natural because the phrase bedun-e mo'attali (without delay) describes how the action was done, so it naturally sits closer to the verb.
Why is there a spoken "-e" sound connecting bedun and mo'attali?
The word bedun (without) acts as a preposition that requires the ezafe vowel (the "-e" sound) to link it to the noun it modifies, mo'attali (delay). Just like with most ezafe connections in Farsi, this short connecting vowel is pronounced but not written in the Farsi script.