Q: How does the phrase اجازه میدهد که work with the second verb بازرسی کند?

The phrase اجازه میدهد means 'allows' or literally 'gives permission'. Whenever you talk about allowing someone to do something, the second verb must be in the present subjunctive form. Here, the subjunctive verb is بازرسی کند (that he/she inspect), connected by the word که (that).

Question 1

Why is the verb می‌دهد singular when the subject مقررات (regulations) is plural?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, plural nouns that refer to non-living things, like concepts or rules such as مقررات, usually take a singular verb. You might sometimes see them with plural verbs, but using the singular is very common and completely correct.

Question 2

How does the phrase اجازه می‌دهد که work with the second verb بازرسی کند?

Accepted Answer

The phrase اجازه می‌دهد means 'allows' or literally 'gives permission'. Whenever you talk about allowing someone to do something, the second verb must be in the present subjunctive form. Here, the subjunctive verb is بازرسی کند (that he/she inspect), connected by the word که (that).

Question 3

Why do we use به before نگهبان (the guard)?

Accepted Answer

In Farsi, you don't just 'allow someone', you 'give permission TO someone'. The compound verb اجازه دادن requires the preposition به (to) before the person receiving the permission. So به نگهبان اجازه می‌دهد literally translates as 'gives permission to the guard'.

Question 4

How do we get the word زندانی (prisoner) from زندان (prison)?

Accepted Answer

Adding the suffix ی to the end of a noun often creates a new word relating to a person associated with that place. Just as an ایرانی is someone from Iran, a زندانی is someone associated with a زندان (prison) - the prisoner!

Question 5

How does the ezafe connect مقررات, سخت‌گیر, and زندان at the start of the sentence?

Accepted Answer

An invisible 'e' sound links these words to show description and possession, read as 'mogharrarât-e sakhtgir-e zendân'. The first ezafe links the noun to its adjective for 'strict regulations', and the second links that whole phrase to the prison for 'strict regulations of the prison'.

مقررات سخت‌گیر زندان به نگهبان اجازه می‌دهد که زندانی را بازرسی کند.

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