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### Expressing Inclusion

To state what a package, bundle, or system includes, Farsi uses **شامل** (inclusive) linked to the included items with an *ezafe* (**شاملِ**). Because it is not a standalone verb, it must be paired with an auxiliary verb at the end of the sentence.

### Using شدن

The most common way to say "X includes Y" is to pair **شاملِ** with the verb **شدن** (to become / to happen):

[Subject] + **شاملِ** + [Included Item(s)] + **می‌شود**.

{{item:821217}}

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### Using the Copula

Alternatively, you can use the standard "to be" copula (like **است**) in place of **شدن**. The meaning remains exactly the same, functioning much like "is comprised of."

{{item:821224}}

### Negative Inclusion

To specify that a package or rate *does not* include a certain item, simply negate the verb at the end of the sentence (e.g., **نمی‌شود** or **نیست**).

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### Bundles and Systems

This structure is highly versatile. Whether you are outlining the hardware of a new tech setup or the terms of an agreement, simply string the included components together after **شاملِ**.

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Predicates of inclusion (shâmel-e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

preposition

pronoun

sentence

suffix

verb

Singular pronouns and copula (man, -am)

Plural pronouns and copula (mâ, -im)

Subject pronoun omission

Singular demonstratives (in, ân)

Plural demonstratives (inhâ, ânhâ)

Independent copula (hastam, hast)

Negative present copula (nistam, nist)

Yes/No questions (âyâ)

Regular plurals (-hâ)

Animate plurals (-ân)

Indefiniteness (yek)

Indefinite marker (-i)

Describing nouns (-e / -ye)

Possession (-e / -ye)

Singular possessives (-am, -at, -ash)

Plural possessives (-emân, -etân, -eshân)

Basic prepositions (dar, be, az, bâ)

Spatial prepositions (ru-ye, zir-e...)

Numbers 1 to 10 (yek, do, se...)

Numbers and singular nouns

Numbers 11 to 20 (yâzdah, davâzdah...)

Counting by tens to 100

Telling time (sâ'at)

The verb to have (dâram)

Negative to have (nadâram)

Basic word order (SOV)

Infinitives and present stems (-an)

Present indicative (mi-)

Negative present indicative (nemi-)

Compound verbs

Question words (che, kojâ)

How many (chand)

The definite object marker (râ)

Object pronouns (man râ, to râ)

Singular commands (be-)

Formal and plural commands (be- ... -id)

Negative commands (na-)

The present subjunctive (be-)

The negative present subjunctive (na-)

Must (bâyad)

Might (shâyad)

Wanting to do something (khâstan)

Being able to do something (tavânestan)

Forming the past stem

The simple past of to be (budan)

The simple past tense

Negative simple past (na-)

Attached object pronouns on verbs (-am, -at, -ash)

Comparative adjectives (-tar)

Basic conjunctions (va, ammâ, yâ)

Giving reasons (chon)

Adverbs of frequency and degree (hamishe, hargez, kheyli, kam)

Everyday actions (kâr kardan, bâz kardan)

Non-human plural subjects

Indefinite pronouns (kasi, chizi, jâyi)

Negative indefinite pronouns (hich-kas, hich-chiz, hich-jâ)

Reciprocal pronouns (hamdigar, yekdigar)

Reflexive pronouns (khod-)

Reflexive direct objects (khod râ)

Emphatic pronouns (khod)

The quantifier every (har)

The quantifier all (hame)

The quantifier some (ba'zi)

Another and other (-i digar)

Which (kodâm)

How much (cheghadr)

Comparisons of equality (mesl-e)

Superlative adjectives (-tarin)

Irregular comparatives and superlatives

Ordinal numbers (-om)

Pre-nominal ordinal numbers (-omin)

Fractions and percentages

Prepositions of theme (dar mored-e)

Prepositions of time (ghabl az, ba'd az)

Preposition of exclusion (bedun-e)

Resultative conjunctions (banâbarin, pas)

Hortative construction (biyâ, biyâyid)

The present progressive tense (dâram mi-)

The past continuous tense (mi-)

Negative past continuous (ne-mi-)

Past continuous of to have (dâshtam)

The past progressive tense (dâshtam mi-)

The past participle (-e)

Present perfect tense (-e-am, -e-ast)

Negative present perfect (na-)

Question	Answer
tariff / rate (fee schedule, customs)	تعرفهta'refe
membership	عضویتozviyat
Does the new rate include membership?	آیا تعرفه‌ی جدید شامل عضویت می‌شود؟âyâ ta'refe-ye jadid shâmel ozviyat mishavad?
accommodation / lodging	اسکانeskân
transportation / commuting (formal)	ایاب و ذهابiyâb o zahâb
urban / city (adjective)	شهریshahri
This tour includes accommodation and urban transportation.	این تور شامل اسکان و ایاب و ذهاب شهری می‌شود.in tur shâmel-e eskân va iyâb va zahâb-e shahri mishavad.
special / exclusive (native Persian)	ویژهvizhe
dietary / food (related)	غذاییghazâ'i
The special membership includes both meals and internet.	عضویت ویژه شامل هم وعده‌های غذایی و هم اینترنت است.ozviyyat vizhe shâmel ham va'de-hâ-ye ghazâyi va ham internet ast.
hardware	سخت‌افزارsakht-afzâr
setup / configuration	راه‌اندازیrâh-andâzi
Mr. Ahmadi, the special system comprises hardware and setup.	آقای احمدی، سیستم ویژه شامل سخت‌افزار و راه‌اندازی می‌شود.âghâ-ye ahmadi, sistem-e vizhe shâmel sakht-afzâr va râh-andâzi mishavad.
Nothing includes urban transportation, which is a problem.	هیچ‌چیز شامل ایاب و ذهاب شهری نمی‌شود، که این یک مشکل است.hich-chiz shâmel iyâb o zahâb-e shahri nemishavad, ke in yek moshkel ast.
The festival includes local food.	جشنواره شامل غذای محلی می‌شود.jashnvâre shâmel-e ghazâ-ye mahalli mishavad.
This rate does not include hardware setup.	این تعرفه شامل راه‌اندازی سخت‌افزار نمی‌شود.in ta'refe shâmel râh-andâzi sakht-afzâr nemishavad.
The special package includes both accommodation and meals.	بسته‌ی ویژه شامل هم اسکان و هم وعده‌های غذایی می‌شود.baste-ye vizhe shâmel ham eskân va ham va'de-hâ-ye ghazâyi mishavad.
This membership also includes transportation.	این عضویت هم شامل ایاب و ذهاب می‌شود.in ozviyyat ham shâmel iyâb o zahâb mishavad.
processor	پردازندهpardâzande
This new computer includes a powerful processor.	این کامپیوتر جدید شامل یک پردازنده‌ی قدرتمند است.in kâmpyuter jadid shâmel yek pardâzande-ye qodratmand ast
unlimited	نامحدودnâmahdud
The system includes a fast processor and unlimited memory.	سیستم شامل پردازنده‌ی سریع و حافظه‌ی نامحدود می‌شود.sistem shâmel pardâzande-ye sari' va hâfeze-ye nâmahdud mishavad.
fee / commission (service charge)	کارمزدkârmozd
According to the rules, each contract includes a fee.	بر اساس قوانین، هر قرارداد شامل یک کارمزد است.bar asâs-e qavânin, har qarârdâd shâmel yek kârmozd ast.
If you pay this fee, the tour includes unlimited services.	اگر این کارمزد را پرداخت کنید، تور شامل خدمات نامحدود می‌شود.agar in kârmozd râ pardâkht konid, tur shâmel khadamât nâmahdud mishavad.
The laptop is expensive, but it includes two processors.	لپ‌تاپ که گران است، اما شامل دو پردازنده می‌شود.lap-tâp ke gerân ast, ammâ shâmel do pardâzande mishavad.