Predicates of inclusion (shâmel-e)

Expressing Inclusion

To state what a package, bundle, or system includes, Farsi uses شامل (inclusive) linked to the included items with an ezafe (شاملِ). Because it is not a standalone verb, it must be paired with an auxiliary verb at the end of the sentence.

Using شدن

The most common way to say "X includes Y" is to pair شاملِ with the verb شدن (to become / to happen):

[Subject] + شاملِ + [Included Item(s)] + می‌شود.

Using the Copula

Alternatively, you can use the standard "to be" copula (like است) in place of شدن. The meaning remains exactly the same, functioning much like "is comprised of."

Negative Inclusion

To specify that a package or rate does not include a certain item, simply negate the verb at the end of the sentence (e.g., نمی‌شود or نیست).

Bundles and Systems

This structure is highly versatile. Whether you are outlining the hardware of a new tech setup or the terms of an agreement, simply string the included components together after شاملِ.